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A single framing cannot say what such a shift is: in a yes/no question the word \"no\" is at once logical verdict, lexical token, and last-printed option. We introduce a psychometric battery that separates these: crossed symmetrization - every logically irrelevant factor flipped in balanced pairs - across a corpus of question forms. A graded rating across logically equivalent forms recovers a coherent internal moral scale: frontier models' stance $\\theta$ is nearly format-invariant (cross-form incoherence 0.12-0.21 on a $\\pm 1$ axis); small open-weight models fail in model-specific ways. Forcing the verdict through yes/no overlays a decomposable artifact: an order bias toward the l","title":"The yes-no bias of large language models reflects answer order and wording, not shifts in moral judgment","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.05552","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"summary":"arXiv:2607.05552v1 Announce Type: cross \nAbstract: Large language models (LLMs) increasingly issue judgments read as binary verdicts, and a growing literature reports such judgments shifting under logically irrelevant changes of wording - among them an amplified yes-no bias on moral dilemmas, absent in humans. A single framing cannot say what such a shift is: in a yes/no question the word \"no\" is at once logical verdict, lexical token, and last-printed option. We introduce a psychometric battery that separates these: crossed symmetrization - every logically irrelevant factor flipped in balanced pairs - across a corpus of question forms. A graded rating across logically equivalent forms recovers a coherent internal moral scale: frontier models' stance $\\theta$ is nearly format-invariant (cross-form incoherence 0.12-0.21 on a $\\pm 1$ axis); small open-weight models fail in model-specific ways. Forcing the verdict through yes/no overlays a decomposable artifact: an order bias toward the l","title":"The yes-no bias of large language models reflects answer order and wording, not shifts in moral judgment","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"confidence":{"method":"deterministic"},"decision":"POSITIVE","issued_at":"2026-07-08T04:43:57Z","notes":"Spider vendor_press (news) news.vendor_press.v1","object":{"captured_by":"crovia.spider.vendor_press","primary_source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.05552"},"predecessors":[],"schema":"crovia.axiom.v1","signature":"ed25519:9b641cf91cbc1f98d9d9fe4047de36f361cb2f29cce9adfd4882a537b11d41610c9514eed7d34206757ee2b760621e575ab9e2387cab3b6b3ae65bdc6ef5dc02","signer":"crovia.substrate","subject":{"observed_at":"2026-07-08T04:43:57Z","source_collector":"spider:vendor_press","target_id":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.05552"},"tsa":{"authority":"crovia.substrate.bootstrap","rfc3161_token":"{\"kind\":\"crovia.bootstrap.tsa\",\"source_jsonl\":\"/opt/crovia/spider/data/news/vendor_press_v1.jsonl\",\"source_seal_merkle_root\":\"spider_vendor_press_v1\",\"upgrade_path\":\"Sessione H \\u2014 OpenTimestamps weekly anchor\"}"},"zk_mode":"clear","zk_proof":null},"ledger":{"leaf_hash":"6a55f4b2be4f535a9fffa095b0c377b448fe658e46a4657e0c7d22d7d96a4dbc","leaf_index":292701,"ledger_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl"},"merkle_proof":{"hash_alg":"sha256","leaf_prefix":"0x00","node_prefix":"0x01","odd_leaf_rule":"duplicate_last","path":[{"sibling":"71bb7b9619da4030f5439592955f0fedfab88c911776bb996f5b6c88709ec104","side":"left"},{"sibling":"8b97a9b8b247106ffdc952062114a315b820cc5a7938fa46a080a80966c2aaab","side":"right"},{"sibling":"e3d46e2171afa1cdf4ceacb1067891704e009cda66427603953f92c2bfdea9d2","side":"left"},{"sibling":"bc9e3add218eda57801d2b5d528b538d738efaecb7503fbf4d6e5be25ab1f384","side":"left"},{"sibling":"c53e677db9041b39db1da873255bc20bf621f606004a2a4a6a88f8a20a0dd7b7","side":"left"},{"sibling":"72f7f4fe9923986ba7eb993a43289fff6a04211feec32380568db20ee9ddf0ac","side":"right"},{"sibling":"b0c3c5751a1b9461c133083b884a2c1fa5dbc65b069dd53ccc95339ef1af56c5","side":"left"},{"sibling":"7db888cb3645d8b5e3052bd5d092a85490e29ab732a691eb6a8b8560770aa0ff","side":"right"},{"sibling":"1515812edbf9903d3d787f20218b8577e2f1fef32592508ce01a3b3ebe75f507","side":"left"},{"sibling":"d4b475beae71e5b4d5ab7e66f7144e7b8e1356fcd32339e49df234b455659fef","side":"left"},{"sibling":"cead64e0790e8871aeea2334210146b5e35fe7e4bc10748acdf76da0c565be05","side":"left"},{"sibling":"d1231ac6e6bd7d6867a9109fbdadede0b1631e97866ddde70f7ac2d52c28e15f","side":"right"},{"sibling":"76855b4804c75c52bf97aa34358950d42d6103cdc1a86be5f0a2c8de4d65c106","side":"left"},{"sibling":"a75ab4319e241beeddb1b3f5705febe0422937926c3479923ccfb0b0082fa4e3","side":"left"},{"sibling":"bd04fa605f883bfb2b81510d045b1e85e555a03da3be083619f61384dfe40ff8","side":"left"},{"sibling":"9e75f2ab0ddf2dc9e92af7049244c21b909734ab57906a35dfad2853ca9966e2","side":"right"},{"sibling":"e6cd4cad39a4b6ca6647d1b0ad2db86e57e5fa6240f65966c10093e91140769b","side":"right"},{"sibling":"90a7efc6b94ec8913fbdf03f4927a821b9fb89921d526716f5ee28f015303779","side":"right"},{"sibling":"1cecb7f447febd025aac272837c80de218aecc6485d2395a509b2a1f1b9c746e","side":"left"}]},"schema":"crovia.axiom_proof.v1","seal":{"first_collector_run_id":"","first_receipt_hash":"","jsonl_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl","key_id":"430895f101d38164","last_collector_run_id":"","last_receipt_hash":"","leaf_count":292998,"merkle_root":"f533b7efebdfd8fb6ba3e7cc158ee55261fd53a7985f234cfea359170dad4d5a","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","run_id":"hourly_json_retrofit_20260708T053701Z","schema":"crovia.seal.v1","seal_family_version":"crovia-seal-family/1","seal_kind":"substrate_batch","sealed_at":"2026-07-08T05:38:17Z","sig_algorithm":"ed25519","signature":"07ebb10c732bbffb28b55a5db01d5525f6b8ab7ef36e1e0a68c35c96ded99f7040c277edba75eb6b15c77feda30bd5321e31ada6f572b674d06f4f8e24bd2f07","signer_version":"1.1.0"},"trust_root":{"key_id":"430895f101d38164","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","signature_algorithm":"ed25519","url":"/registry/canon/TRUST_ROOT.md"},"verifier":{"spec":"/registry/canon/AXIOM_RECEIPT_v1.md","url":"/v/axm_021df000ee8476f1022c681ec4f2aac3ca0f4b0170daee885a30b21d1fbcfe7d"}}