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However, existing works remain confined to Western tonal traditions, offering little insight into whether current LLMs can handle structurally distinct low-resource musical traditions. We present the first systematic evaluation of LLM competence in South Asian classical music, a tradition governed by raga, tala-based melodic constraints that impose fundamentally different structural principles from Western harmony-driven music. We ground our evaluation in Hindustani classical theory and Bengali classical forms, including Rabindra and Nazrul Sangeet -- representative low-resource traditions within South Asian classical music. 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