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Notably the Swiss Federal Supreme Court uses small on-premises models for tentative translations and short-passage summarization across the four official languages. However, such usage is challenging in the context of Criminal Law. Since rulings and cases employees work on routinely can contain detailed descriptions of violent and sexual offenses, their legitimate work is compromised by refusals and disclaimers due to the activation of model guardrails (over-alignment).\n  To measure this phenomenon, we introduce TF-RefusalBench, a multilingual benchmark for criminal-law translation and summarization derived from public Swiss Supreme Court rulings. TF-RefusalBench contains 5,200 total prompts across French, German, Italian, and Eng","title":"Measuring & Mitigating Over-Alignment for LLMs in Multilingual Criminal Law Courts","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.23375","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"summary":"arXiv:2606.23375v2 Announce Type: replace-cross \nAbstract: While the wider applicability of LLMs in the legal field is currently debated due to their reliability and the gravity of any errors, narrow uses with well-understood and mitigated risks have emerged. Notably the Swiss Federal Supreme Court uses small on-premises models for tentative translations and short-passage summarization across the four official languages. However, such usage is challenging in the context of Criminal Law. Since rulings and cases employees work on routinely can contain detailed descriptions of violent and sexual offenses, their legitimate work is compromised by refusals and disclaimers due to the activation of model guardrails (over-alignment).\n  To measure this phenomenon, we introduce TF-RefusalBench, a multilingual benchmark for criminal-law translation and summarization derived from public Swiss Supreme Court rulings. 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