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The two dominant training approaches, contrastive encoder fine-tuning and HyDE-style query expansion with a frozen LLM, address this problem from opposite ends and fail in complementary directions: the fine-tuned encoder excels when the query's surface form already matches the catalog but collapses when it does not, while zero-shot HyDE is more robust to underspecified queries yet generates catalog-unaware hypothetical descriptions that degrade retrieval when queries are well-formed. We introduce CoHyDE, an iterative procedure that trains the dense encoder and the LLM rewriter as a single co-evolving system: the encoder is retrained with InfoNCE on catalog-style hypothetical descriptions produced by the rew","title":"CoHyDE: Iterative Co-Training of LLM Rewriter & Dense Encoder for Tool Retrieval","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.29271","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"summary":"arXiv:2605.29271v1 Announce Type: new \nAbstract: Tool retrieval over large API catalogs is a core bottleneck for LLM agents: user queries arrive in colloquial, often underspecified language, while the catalog uses technical API vocabulary that no fixed encoder can bridge on its own. The two dominant training approaches, contrastive encoder fine-tuning and HyDE-style query expansion with a frozen LLM, address this problem from opposite ends and fail in complementary directions: the fine-tuned encoder excels when the query's surface form already matches the catalog but collapses when it does not, while zero-shot HyDE is more robust to underspecified queries yet generates catalog-unaware hypothetical descriptions that degrade retrieval when queries are well-formed. We introduce CoHyDE, an iterative procedure that trains the dense encoder and the LLM rewriter as a single co-evolving system: the encoder is retrained with InfoNCE on catalog-style hypothetical descriptions produced by the rew","title":"CoHyDE: Iterative Co-Training of LLM Rewriter & Dense Encoder for Tool Retrieval","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"confidence":{"method":"deterministic"},"decision":"POSITIVE","issued_at":"2026-05-29T04:43:58Z","notes":"Spider vendor_press (news) news.vendor_press.v1","object":{"captured_by":"crovia.spider.vendor_press","primary_source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.29271"},"predecessors":[],"schema":"crovia.axiom.v1","signature":"ed25519:c8574c60c1471032662065acf502a8ce94ffa3f0ad0b6048e5635443703580e268c6ab2e02e084f19a575b016928ed36b895aa7d9c1ca5271b1ee385131cc203","signer":"crovia.substrate","subject":{"observed_at":"2026-05-29T04:43:58Z","source_collector":"spider:vendor_press","target_id":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.29271"},"tsa":{"authority":"crovia.substrate.bootstrap","rfc3161_token":"{\"kind\":\"crovia.bootstrap.tsa\",\"source_jsonl\":\"/opt/crovia/spider/data/news/vendor_press_v1.jsonl\",\"source_seal_merkle_root\":\"spider_vendor_press_v1\",\"upgrade_path\":\"Sessione H \\u2014 OpenTimestamps weekly anchor\"}"},"zk_mode":"clear","zk_proof":null},"ledger":{"leaf_hash":"fb537b1dc988111656adf0289353c155f635af513776e0b5456da0b76f1d595e","leaf_index":157682,"ledger_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl"},"merkle_proof":{"hash_alg":"sha256","leaf_prefix":"0x00","node_prefix":"0x01","odd_leaf_rule":"duplicate_last","path":[{"sibling":"a25fbef94e3a82abcd0fc50a1d9ed9439154bcb52a2f04624c935fee85a16a0f","side":"right"},{"sibling":"7ac7a3ef5fc281c3e6e3f8628c1df7e8a9b8884d08a24f24e380cf890c3aa274","side":"left"},{"sibling":"c05cd8023fab017a1a0fe23c0e32b17666cba36817de35e46229adbb70a73caa","side":"right"},{"sibling":"4e9a142e787d6804424141a83ed5607afd5c42a8162e9221ee78518e51aab111","side":"right"},{"sibling":"bbe317be0b08887cb42c33c89b5f839d03d339c6f80b79d583069268cd5fc435","side":"left"},{"sibling":"1eead04ebe1be8d8dddce54b72650927fcf3982f00346da13e29805b59a5f05a","side":"left"},{"sibling":"f65c4257e1e3e5a8d1432a336a21d8e806501313e0c2888ff215dba80f4c4cfe","side":"left"},{"sibling":"27e5f392a568b11659ecd5aed52502b5e6d88eea7862dffac806a2d7b5a9ef78","side":"left"},{"sibling":"ece7b043912367e6be374d77e09128de032af83a2b87e39b397350dd279ebe83","side":"left"},{"sibling":"39ec45a73732c5ed1abe96972bd3bc32a517083704467dde1c8117578609124d","side":"left"},{"sibling":"68b4895a8015cdde1c1baeaf63a8382cf574ce4d2ad88d596d4217ce2238245e","side":"left"},{"sibling":"0bc831354843fa27f7ba6a4b3080a72fd440b9a76d1bac63429adfbfe6549bca","side":"right"},{"sibling":"995b421824624a8282c7f44e64c64ee35344800f477ae1845b41be14d3fab94c","side":"right"},{"sibling":"66331bac84ca0f8983eb09fac7eaf95af234f1b82680b793eabff4ee25caac40","side":"left"},{"sibling":"35ca36cee447f0ef7064a25d55f59357c66901e31427729c4c1d8b14aa8adb6c","side":"left"},{"sibling":"eef0e8906a749d3470f89beeedc723f37a5737010bbb0dcc7cf91515338e5a3e","side":"right"},{"sibling":"1a07e481a9407d71aad078ce854cdeee362163c887fe10f889b0ecf0b5e749ad","side":"right"},{"sibling":"d841ad93efda0869e5eb97678f348f03f5caab4353e05ff4bf18f47fb945b822","side":"left"}]},"schema":"crovia.axiom_proof.v1","seal":{"first_collector_run_id":"","first_receipt_hash":"","jsonl_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl","key_id":"430895f101d38164","last_collector_run_id":"","last_receipt_hash":"","leaf_count":158251,"merkle_root":"485e6b31fe60c8beba5b394808c7e4c32448b2ff65c2482c480ca0e2a2eda718","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","run_id":"hourly_json_retrofit_20260529T053701Z","schema":"crovia.seal.v1","seal_family_version":"crovia-seal-family/1","seal_kind":"substrate_batch","sealed_at":"2026-05-29T05:37:37Z","sig_algorithm":"ed25519","signature":"bbf9f005201182fce4f9d94c7a9d01a508b56daf7d9611bd73514f5f616bc059d0e5e1f2edfc95716e6fe08ef5fae38b558cbf7f2fd8f9d5dfe4c34a54c83005","signer_version":"1.1.0"},"trust_root":{"key_id":"430895f101d38164","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","signature_algorithm":"ed25519","url":"/registry/canon/TRUST_ROOT.md"},"verifier":{"spec":"/registry/canon/AXIOM_RECEIPT_v1.md","url":"/v/axm_1855b9e014e4cd0ffd024e770e633ffd036b01581e810046cbcebae7d6cbaccc"}}