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We cast this problem as learning the parameters of a discrete Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP). The agent begins with knowledge of the POMDP's actions and observation spaces, but not its state space, transitions, or observation models. These properties must be constructed from a sequence of actions and observations. Spectral approaches to learning models of partially observable domains, such as Predictive State Representations (PSRs), learn representations of state that are sufficient to predict future outcomes. PSR models, however, do not have explicit transition and observation system models that can be used with different reward functions to solve different planning problems. Under a mild set of rankness assumptions on the products of transition and observation matrices, we sho","title":"Toward Learning POMDPs Beyond Full-Rank Actions and State Observability","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.18930","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"summary":"arXiv:2601.18930v4 Announce Type: replace-cross \nAbstract: We are interested in enabling autonomous agents to learn and reason about systems with hidden states, such as locking mechanisms. We cast this problem as learning the parameters of a discrete Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP). The agent begins with knowledge of the POMDP's actions and observation spaces, but not its state space, transitions, or observation models. These properties must be constructed from a sequence of actions and observations. Spectral approaches to learning models of partially observable domains, such as Predictive State Representations (PSRs), learn representations of state that are sufficient to predict future outcomes. PSR models, however, do not have explicit transition and observation system models that can be used with different reward functions to solve different planning problems. Under a mild set of rankness assumptions on the products of transition and observation matrices, we sho","title":"Toward Learning POMDPs Beyond Full-Rank Actions and State Observability","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"confidence":{"method":"deterministic"},"decision":"POSITIVE","issued_at":"2026-07-22T04:43:18Z","notes":"Spider vendor_press (news) news.vendor_press.v1","object":{"captured_by":"crovia.spider.vendor_press","primary_source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.18930"},"predecessors":[],"schema":"crovia.axiom.v1","signature":"ed25519:95a2d8795584ab091606ab6770e8604415b4dfaafdf28e15ad7843dad79672a60bec487e2a52702620aed7a4dc1f3aa7f111c03c822af307173513d72eb50a03","signer":"crovia.substrate","subject":{"observed_at":"2026-07-22T04:43:18Z","source_collector":"spider:vendor_press","target_id":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.18930"},"tsa":{"authority":"crovia.substrate.bootstrap","rfc3161_token":"{\"kind\":\"crovia.bootstrap.tsa\",\"source_jsonl\":\"/opt/crovia/spider/data/news/vendor_press_v1.jsonl\",\"source_seal_merkle_root\":\"spider_vendor_press_v1\",\"upgrade_path\":\"Sessione H \\u2014 OpenTimestamps weekly anchor\"}"},"zk_mode":"clear","zk_proof":null},"ledger":{"leaf_hash":"700a9732fd1863ae125471c5e9e9a02449a3ec84f2eac97bcb2f3b0427ad4b45","leaf_index":340386,"ledger_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl"},"merkle_proof":{"hash_alg":"sha256","leaf_prefix":"0x00","node_prefix":"0x01","odd_leaf_rule":"duplicate_last","path":[{"sibling":"84c6990847a31379805a6c012b1d62b81f9e5bdfab51d0550f0f3eec3b010a3a","side":"right"},{"sibling":"2040d610a190a86cf382c8b548eb225968fdb6691f75b8f6f835f904ff880cb2","side":"left"},{"sibling":"bc205d1c6ea8762d6ab243870a269e0f59a0862c18fd54d1a1e5c3775d068481","side":"right"},{"sibling":"3e6fc4f7bf6001147b821038b5d61a9317abaad58797c955268b8f31a0ec5b61","side":"right"},{"sibling":"5479da9816ceb0e0c23c3cccb18802cf00732d9231bf5fcd6ede059966ff2dd5","side":"right"},{"sibling":"0387640d1bd86930c3a475773f8be66543d7e35a50da52b38b1b8dff015cc327","side":"left"},{"sibling":"1a7746a9d2d9e8d0c0c963bb863236e36a37257d8f3cb326049f3125bab1b3b1","side":"right"},{"sibling":"5666268df88c3cf54274085bda986b69261da088d4bea21e6975025aadd566d3","side":"left"},{"sibling":"99d4b7aea5e7c917c580af0f1a9556bbd4d44f3f36cf9391892e7ef0340a8258","side":"left"},{"sibling":"c7fc9d4187cdc36f4c03b4b13daf4b880ea65536b051f71a5cc2543839d02697","side":"right"},{"sibling":"1758ec6ac206ce40e8368cb702195322fe3737d0fb03d8bd9e3b30acc4fa7d81","side":"right"},{"sibling":"0c407f0d553cf3fab8f9bd79205b8180e090cbf29fa0490ebb55155041ad5c86","side":"right"},{"sibling":"2dd9cb2521044ee7c6b74f2315e0a0253b8df0d04a7b810bbbbe7da5a9788769","side":"left"},{"sibling":"21d66dd41003813f710b7617944f1bfba3258658a5d3370c21cad8f9e945bc99","side":"left"},{"sibling":"787ee3744642ff909d610b0514cb100784f0ef1ba0ef4c70a0dc91f0ab2bb192","side":"right"},{"sibling":"9fc8a8ebbc1bff7e62b9f1e1c681c91e7196092ce9551573df6e23096df13e4d","side":"right"},{"sibling":"77025bcb374a7ad74f520643e20a8ae1205a7ee78507b0beb93117760f1c29d3","side":"left"},{"sibling":"ee6f33920899d9bdef2eb706dfff29e26eea61e29ea9824c6c8e6bcd48275d76","side":"right"},{"sibling":"1cecb7f447febd025aac272837c80de218aecc6485d2395a509b2a1f1b9c746e","side":"left"}]},"schema":"crovia.axiom_proof.v1","seal":{"first_collector_run_id":"","first_receipt_hash":"","jsonl_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl","key_id":"430895f101d38164","last_collector_run_id":"","last_receipt_hash":"","leaf_count":340557,"merkle_root":"7d45d94f20b5bf82263df45b87749e19e06161972f25141dd573cc138d566338","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","run_id":"hourly_json_retrofit_20260722T053701Z","schema":"crovia.seal.v1","seal_family_version":"crovia-seal-family/1","seal_kind":"substrate_batch","sealed_at":"2026-07-22T05:38:39Z","sig_algorithm":"ed25519","signature":"812cb61e90d3582ba508db8515c4168bbf8ee1c6762885609049d012f680f8068f15c98b9accf2042047dcfc6a6fc3885820ee34b0be350846386f64f2591309","signer_version":"1.1.0"},"trust_root":{"key_id":"430895f101d38164","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","signature_algorithm":"ed25519","url":"/registry/canon/TRUST_ROOT.md"},"verifier":{"spec":"/registry/canon/AXIOM_RECEIPT_v1.md","url":"/v/axm_18c0de73ba9e8cc46bfc8fc640acdf4968f218832d923406f65187c1dd267d31"}}