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To fill this gap, we conduct a systematic evaluation of thirteen representative backdoor defenses across the TSF life cycle and analyze their failure modes. Our results reveal two fundamental issues: (1) data entanglement induces channel-level signal dilution, rendering sample-filtering and trigger-synthesis defenses ineffective at localizing backdoors; and (2) task-formulation shift leads to training-loss degeneration, causing poisoned and clean windows to become indistinguishable at training stages. Based on these findings, we propose a training-time backdoor defense for TSF, termed TimeGuard. Our method adopts channel-wise pool training as the core paradigm and initializes a high-confidence pool using time-aware criteria to mitigat","title":"TimeGuard: Channel-wise Pool Training for Backdoor Defense in Time Series Forecasting","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.22365","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"summary":"arXiv:2605.22365v2 Announce Type: replace-cross \nAbstract: Time Series Forecasting (TSF) is highly vulnerable to backdoor attacks, yet effective defenses remain underexplored due to challenges arising from data entanglement and shifts in task formulation. To fill this gap, we conduct a systematic evaluation of thirteen representative backdoor defenses across the TSF life cycle and analyze their failure modes. Our results reveal two fundamental issues: (1) data entanglement induces channel-level signal dilution, rendering sample-filtering and trigger-synthesis defenses ineffective at localizing backdoors; and (2) task-formulation shift leads to training-loss degeneration, causing poisoned and clean windows to become indistinguishable at training stages. Based on these findings, we propose a training-time backdoor defense for TSF, termed TimeGuard. Our method adopts channel-wise pool training as the core paradigm and initializes a high-confidence pool using time-aware criteria to mitigat","title":"TimeGuard: Channel-wise Pool Training for Backdoor Defense in Time Series Forecasting","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"confidence":{"method":"deterministic"},"decision":"POSITIVE","issued_at":"2026-05-26T04:43:39Z","notes":"Spider vendor_press (news) news.vendor_press.v1","object":{"captured_by":"crovia.spider.vendor_press","primary_source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.22365"},"predecessors":[],"schema":"crovia.axiom.v1","signature":"ed25519:f5c2403e601cbe9afe5c359ca326402a3d79b0a539f06262ab53295585b733606dbd6092e83da8a16bffbbb192abf2be2856f806d2de7c3e22bf494403088608","signer":"crovia.substrate","subject":{"observed_at":"2026-05-26T04:43:39Z","source_collector":"spider:vendor_press","target_id":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.22365"},"tsa":{"authority":"crovia.substrate.bootstrap","rfc3161_token":"{\"kind\":\"crovia.bootstrap.tsa\",\"source_jsonl\":\"/opt/crovia/spider/data/news/vendor_press_v1.jsonl\",\"source_seal_merkle_root\":\"spider_vendor_press_v1\",\"upgrade_path\":\"Sessione H \\u2014 OpenTimestamps weekly anchor\"}"},"zk_mode":"clear","zk_proof":null},"ledger":{"leaf_hash":"30fd73ee6419ae6e38261a54dd05322303854acf5375f97661a89cb5f92c187d","leaf_index":152046,"ledger_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl"},"merkle_proof":{"hash_alg":"sha256","leaf_prefix":"0x00","node_prefix":"0x01","odd_leaf_rule":"duplicate_last","path":[{"sibling":"9739fdaeb7d8970d3951552355aa320081bf95cc35771558f5150810d07d7ec3","side":"right"},{"sibling":"ece3a22b47d9db8ae182e5fd7c8101784b32b572c17c01940760100ab8ee6b82","side":"left"},{"sibling":"8c31b505deb7c497c54cdd1db96016ddb8bda4a680763e10767fc17a1dd603c2","side":"left"},{"sibling":"e887a9ca428a784f10dda312b6be3de548303b48542dcd49595535ef00c831e2","side":"left"},{"sibling":"0bfa45118f28065cecddb944a907a624469dfa771dfe8932d84a36b9de184b15","side":"right"},{"sibling":"e00d00757abd1d7c21235eda87312fd78a507bad9b99e44ef00aed09679ae48e","side":"left"},{"sibling":"54ecd916cdbd2e94176c7d608334aecfb97db5681b6acb08e8daa14ac57fec78","side":"left"},{"sibling":"8b0755e3ba26ea95e61e8d0e6362ce6cbe9991903d18e148b0cba214724147ec","side":"left"},{"sibling":"6c8b632bc887ad8683d2d08a66a66babfd1e8e43de4b1b760ed3f3d35d5b02e1","side":"left"},{"sibling":"879666fab72e779ab55d0564eaabd64b00534fd6bba7f18412c7f31f61ffd09f","side":"right"},{"sibling":"f40ccedd90c323817e961adc0a2e2db82b8aabe192b6c9d5a373ff988987b207","side":"right"},{"sibling":"b85ea61ae405eed84392a7b6b1eee5536f5a38d6b04070638e23ec7b71e3443a","side":"right"},{"sibling":"d415e6939aee710631f5062799379b547d2c3e3d9a68f263bbb5a693285ab2ca","side":"left"},{"sibling":"e5893793e3591ed7f5e58ca94ffcfba46bb30f69fb1c25d5ba8ef49eb99f9126","side":"right"},{"sibling":"35ca36cee447f0ef7064a25d55f59357c66901e31427729c4c1d8b14aa8adb6c","side":"left"},{"sibling":"e3eecaf996dbe7229a7bb1d234c97aea97a252c5f7c89f8547b6d091db0f0e40","side":"right"},{"sibling":"55bcbd4da3e20d93931f7e58673f10232e81a5b1514d7396cb4b71e8f95788d0","side":"right"},{"sibling":"d841ad93efda0869e5eb97678f348f03f5caab4353e05ff4bf18f47fb945b822","side":"left"}]},"schema":"crovia.axiom_proof.v1","seal":{"first_collector_run_id":"","first_receipt_hash":"","jsonl_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl","key_id":"430895f101d38164","last_collector_run_id":"","last_receipt_hash":"","leaf_count":152106,"merkle_root":"ac5182c6f3dd09931f2a689df5f4be36df7b55e55bcf106e195671f5ed55fd8f","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","run_id":"hourly_json_retrofit_20260526T053701Z","schema":"crovia.seal.v1","seal_family_version":"crovia-seal-family/1","seal_kind":"substrate_batch","sealed_at":"2026-05-26T05:37:34Z","sig_algorithm":"ed25519","signature":"a401243fbd2c077d29a623c6ef616c78fbd5c8ce1930afa7af7165b2386e5a8cf15d5094983a1c962e71b27b911a3f3ce09c8cfab9393be2ce5ce8ee6513da06","signer_version":"1.1.0"},"trust_root":{"key_id":"430895f101d38164","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","signature_algorithm":"ed25519","url":"/registry/canon/TRUST_ROOT.md"},"verifier":{"spec":"/registry/canon/AXIOM_RECEIPT_v1.md","url":"/v/axm_1a6cd95aa2e078fb5ff073ce46c612fb61c7fdfecea8709299e09c4602246a50"}}