{"_canonicalization":{"envelope_id":"axm_ + sha256(envelope minus {signature, axiom_id, anchors})","envelope_signature":"ed25519(envelope minus {signature, axiom_id})","json":"sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False, allow_nan=False, utf-8","leaf_hash":"sha256(0x00 || canonical_json(envelope_full))","seal_signature":"ed25519(seal minus {signature, sig_algorithm})"},"axiom_id":"axm_215ec9546fd046e459f6aa034e37520092264d0ac7f6881e58398de6d08c9c22","bitcoin_anchor":{"bitcoin_attestations":["bitcoin_block_949451"],"calendar_attestations":["https://finney.calendar.eternitywall.com","https://btc.calendar.catallaxy.com","https://alice.btc.calendar.opentimestamps.org","https://bob.btc.calendar.opentimestamps.org"],"ots_url":"/registry/data/substrate/anchors/77fc9c28fae777b81da5b495b3115474df6592dfac590333213d3bdf8b94a9b3.ots","stamped_at":"2026-05-15T03:00:03Z","status":"bitcoin"},"envelope":{"anchors":[{"chain":"crovia.axiom_graph","height":0,"merkle_proof":"spider_vendor_press_v1","root_at_anchor":"spider_vendor_press_v1"}],"axiom_id":"axm_215ec9546fd046e459f6aa034e37520092264d0ac7f6881e58398de6d08c9c22","axiom_type":"AX.OBS","body":{"axiom_subtype":"news.vendor_press.v1","category":"news","fingerprint":"d6cc8036e29544a7fa8267182cba51c7b1a90f16fe7fa77919850c0fa1c479bc","published":"Thu, 07 May 2026 00:00:00 -0400","receipt_hash":"d6cc8036e29544a7fa8267182cba51c7b1a90f16fe7fa77919850c0fa1c479bc","schema":"spider.news.vendor_press.v1","spider":"vendor_press","spider_record":{"axiom_subtype":"news.vendor_press.v1","category":"news","decision_hint":"POSITIVE","envelope_target":"AX.OBS","fingerprint":"d6cc8036e29544a7fa8267182cba51c7b1a90f16fe7fa77919850c0fa1c479bc","observed_at":"2026-05-07T04:43:30.601849Z","parent_run_hash":"b20b3beeadde500bb99eda3b869d50b00c5259b2c78c650d83e786ac81b85801","published":"Thu, 07 May 2026 00:00:00 -0400","runtime_version":"0.1.0","schema":"spider.news.vendor_press.v1","source_status":200,"source_url":"https://export.arxiv.org/rss/cs.AI","spider":"vendor_press","summary_excerpt":"arXiv:2512.09874v2 Announce Type: replace-cross \nAbstract: Correctly parsing mathematical formulas from PDFs is critical for training large language models and building scientific knowledge bases from academic literature, yet existing benchmarks either exclude formulas entirely or lack semantically-aware evaluation metrics. We introduce a benchmarking framework centered on synthetically generated PDFs with precise LaTeX ground truth, enabling systematic control over layout, formulas, and content characteristics. For evaluation, we apply LLM-as-a-judge to assess semantic equivalence of parsed formulas, capturing mathematical meaning beyond surface-level notation differences. We validate this approach through a human study (250 formula pairs, 750 ratings from 30 evaluators), showing a Pearson correlation of r=0.78 with human judgment, compared to r=0.34 for character-level matching (CDM) and r~0 for text similarity. Our robust two-stage matching pipeline combining LLM-based extraction wi","title":"Benchmarking Document Parsers on Mathematical Formula Extraction from PDFs","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.09874","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"summary":"arXiv:2512.09874v2 Announce Type: replace-cross \nAbstract: Correctly parsing mathematical formulas from PDFs is critical for training large language models and building scientific knowledge bases from academic literature, yet existing benchmarks either exclude formulas entirely or lack semantically-aware evaluation metrics. We introduce a benchmarking framework centered on synthetically generated PDFs with precise LaTeX ground truth, enabling systematic control over layout, formulas, and content characteristics. For evaluation, we apply LLM-as-a-judge to assess semantic equivalence of parsed formulas, capturing mathematical meaning beyond surface-level notation differences. We validate this approach through a human study (250 formula pairs, 750 ratings from 30 evaluators), showing a Pearson correlation of r=0.78 with human judgment, compared to r=0.34 for character-level matching (CDM) and r~0 for text similarity. Our robust two-stage matching pipeline combining LLM-based extraction wi","title":"Benchmarking Document Parsers on Mathematical Formula Extraction from PDFs","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"confidence":{"method":"deterministic"},"decision":"POSITIVE","issued_at":"2026-05-07T04:43:30Z","notes":"Spider vendor_press (news) news.vendor_press.v1","object":{"captured_by":"crovia.spider.vendor_press","primary_source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.09874"},"predecessors":[],"schema":"crovia.axiom.v1","signature":"ed25519:49c720da51f8a421b853b6786f6cba1b0acee1903779d6a48cacabd7bad3cedd5f1d2403e13e8f6814df1bc3017c9d15e6fd69e577fbc34e5fbd47474d96d40f","signer":"crovia.substrate","subject":{"observed_at":"2026-05-07T04:43:30Z","source_collector":"spider:vendor_press","target_id":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.09874"},"tsa":{"authority":"crovia.substrate.bootstrap","rfc3161_token":"{\"kind\":\"crovia.bootstrap.tsa\",\"source_jsonl\":\"/opt/crovia/spider/data/news/vendor_press_v1.jsonl\",\"source_seal_merkle_root\":\"spider_vendor_press_v1\",\"upgrade_path\":\"Sessione H \\u2014 OpenTimestamps weekly anchor\"}"},"zk_mode":"clear","zk_proof":null},"ledger":{"leaf_hash":"01eb1769738595a8b0e03905e2b8eafd6a90cbe0af6249a6a211408d83089b7c","leaf_index":118398,"ledger_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl"},"merkle_proof":{"hash_alg":"sha256","leaf_prefix":"0x00","node_prefix":"0x01","odd_leaf_rule":"duplicate_last","path":[{"sibling":"feb5c3606b38d7a15e5c42f328907bff316e0bd9f20e2cb5991665951f2997a2","side":"right"},{"sibling":"c170ea719f2f35756eaf54486776cb17d3d3bdd5eabfca31cd744f6dc8a34543","side":"left"},{"sibling":"762eb474c0ae0f85f0379235a608981ada9ba761306962ce6c1c8bfce7a8a46b","side":"left"},{"sibling":"4603564b359712be5197d112beffd09a3f31b6f4404475d57b2fc3cf450047d5","side":"left"},{"sibling":"dc4faf2b10313454613772af3edbbafdda1b8ec6ffc5051e84e0361b9010299b","side":"left"},{"sibling":"4f8fefea0bdad83d6e9dc76f781af14cbaa790887a598ce962ba2d18eff5e2c2","side":"left"},{"sibling":"32aaccf2eeff13821f2f71ee191f0ee0b074a7efb07f37d041ab73d669ff43ba","side":"left"},{"sibling":"432e5b2cf8e49f6f70fd5be7683dbbc02f1ebeff16b82fade70feaeeff078cab","side":"right"},{"sibling":"943780ddf0bc6538ed8b19cdb0e84ad78f5880f72d472b378c67229ade3fd90d","side":"right"},{"sibling":"9e688ad7df5f10379f7d9b9d109c3ea84968c044c36d5562f359706d012cf15b","side":"left"},{"sibling":"8e758a4477dfc0838d2e8ea2bdbd583bc3192683e75fd9cde217ee6a3b2f3ac8","side":"left"},{"sibling":"4219f746e463e594ccd6447debdf736a57e77319b12bcb74d8ece2b5860064c6","side":"left"},{"sibling":"05f89b32c00462e60adf95c1fe4579cdc2791b36e8b17573d8f3b5fd5da95a0b","side":"right"},{"sibling":"8ccd9937a2c0d5c04044d07d1557791b7d07bb31eac41a39a675608d44b38f23","side":"right"},{"sibling":"3a5e69cf0803f4c91f3895ed7c9a95748fef240bec4422e167c05300f79f06c0","side":"left"},{"sibling":"f2817ab288b5324fe49770372c7a10f33f7cd11005f8d4c0a730316f5229dc98","side":"left"},{"sibling":"725fac972e772ca0dc598810ea1abc70df472f72d2d6ab8a0baee2b80e5d2f4c","side":"left"},{"sibling":"98fc57dfef8873b512edc8340f7181df57302bb96777625e072235c62d7c5895","side":"right"}]},"schema":"crovia.axiom_proof.v1","seal":{"first_collector_run_id":"","first_receipt_hash":"","jsonl_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl","key_id":"430895f101d38164","last_collector_run_id":"","last_receipt_hash":"","leaf_count":134292,"merkle_root":"77fc9c28fae777b81da5b495b3115474df6592dfac590333213d3bdf8b94a9b3","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","run_id":"hourly_json_retrofit_20260515T023701Z","schema":"crovia.seal.v1","seal_family_version":"crovia-seal-family/1","seal_kind":"substrate_batch","sealed_at":"2026-05-15T02:37:25Z","sig_algorithm":"ed25519","signature":"68107a834b00b24f5d4501e5ec727445311f132a486567ecc4c72a4e6dff24c8c21f2de3105293353ba5fdbe370d032819af6aa70f694e2e39b6af6737507009","signer_version":"1.1.0"},"trust_root":{"key_id":"430895f101d38164","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","signature_algorithm":"ed25519","url":"/registry/canon/TRUST_ROOT.md"},"verifier":{"spec":"/registry/canon/AXIOM_RECEIPT_v1.md","url":"/v/axm_215ec9546fd046e459f6aa034e37520092264d0ac7f6881e58398de6d08c9c22"}}