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We study Copy-as-Decode, a decoding-layer mechanism that recasts edit generation as structured decoding over a two-primitive grammar: <copy lines=\"i-j\"/> references an input line range, <gen>...</gen> emits new content. A token-level FSM guarantees syntactic validity, and a serving-layer primitive updates the KV cache for each copy span via a single parallel-prefill forward rather than $N$ autoregressive steps -- sharing the parallel-forward kernel of speculative decoding but with input tokens as the draft and program-enforced acceptance replacing probabilistic verification. We report an upper-bound analysis that requires no end-to-end training. (i) Kernel speedup: on Qwen2.5-{1.5B, 7B}, copying $N$ tokens via parallel prefill is $6.8\\times$--$303\\times$ faster than autoregressive ($N \\in [8, 512]$, A100","title":"Copy-as-Decode: Grammar-Constrained Parallel Prefill for LLM Editing","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.18170","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"summary":"arXiv:2604.18170v2 Announce Type: replace-cross \nAbstract: LLMs edit text and code by autoregressively regenerating the full output, even when most tokens appear verbatim in the input. We study Copy-as-Decode, a decoding-layer mechanism that recasts edit generation as structured decoding over a two-primitive grammar: <copy lines=\"i-j\"/> references an input line range, <gen>...</gen> emits new content. 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(i) Kernel speedup: on Qwen2.5-{1.5B, 7B}, copying $N$ tokens via parallel prefill is $6.8\\times$--$303\\times$ faster than autoregressive ($N \\in [8, 512]$, A100","title":"Copy-as-Decode: Grammar-Constrained Parallel Prefill for LLM Editing","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"confidence":{"method":"deterministic"},"decision":"POSITIVE","issued_at":"2026-05-26T04:43:39Z","notes":"Spider vendor_press (news) news.vendor_press.v1","object":{"captured_by":"crovia.spider.vendor_press","primary_source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.18170"},"predecessors":[],"schema":"crovia.axiom.v1","signature":"ed25519:a52a478e4af7c8de6f7f4445fc1d0ac320d3e47b4aa390c6a9c5219bb5c0146dfc99aa914a0831e7453f0fb40e9ccfbec19b237e9fe3add1704c44f15f2c330c","signer":"crovia.substrate","subject":{"observed_at":"2026-05-26T04:43:39Z","source_collector":"spider:vendor_press","target_id":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.18170"},"tsa":{"authority":"crovia.substrate.bootstrap","rfc3161_token":"{\"kind\":\"crovia.bootstrap.tsa\",\"source_jsonl\":\"/opt/crovia/spider/data/news/vendor_press_v1.jsonl\",\"source_seal_merkle_root\":\"spider_vendor_press_v1\",\"upgrade_path\":\"Sessione H \\u2014 OpenTimestamps weekly anchor\"}"},"zk_mode":"clear","zk_proof":null},"ledger":{"leaf_hash":"32ddb03368393b97046af158e7cc1694b5765efadff2820f5d17217d630f48a8","leaf_index":151985,"ledger_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl"},"merkle_proof":{"hash_alg":"sha256","leaf_prefix":"0x00","node_prefix":"0x01","odd_leaf_rule":"duplicate_last","path":[{"sibling":"d967a44d127d41d0b7fcb33791518c77ff2709e7ecca6694e5b79e0553aef87b","side":"left"},{"sibling":"6d9616ba50939fc51748f9e42fa2702eca39f6a2802b5efe4952f7302306c750","side":"right"},{"sibling":"8cdf76f436351c3ba4a2f7b0517e410bf4d93d6d2c2400f54470d7ab27f88907","side":"right"},{"sibling":"4e1d1ba85b328f53dc996aba6a657617c7baa9bd5c840c16528d36c466a3ad46","side":"right"},{"sibling":"c62cff0d3d3aed32cb04366f02a2a9ee67d16c26cd1b3385f11c28abe1034d44","side":"left"},{"sibling":"357631f93ff0924e1cbee5b13c28023fef9d7239eda735855e1fc3d83dde4741","side":"left"},{"sibling":"6f1153ad830bc8202e6e1954981665e478138b53ce7dc91b62be904bade1d7fe","side":"right"},{"sibling":"8b0755e3ba26ea95e61e8d0e6362ce6cbe9991903d18e148b0cba214724147ec","side":"left"},{"sibling":"6c8b632bc887ad8683d2d08a66a66babfd1e8e43de4b1b760ed3f3d35d5b02e1","side":"left"},{"sibling":"879666fab72e779ab55d0564eaabd64b00534fd6bba7f18412c7f31f61ffd09f","side":"right"},{"sibling":"f40ccedd90c323817e961adc0a2e2db82b8aabe192b6c9d5a373ff988987b207","side":"right"},{"sibling":"b85ea61ae405eed84392a7b6b1eee5536f5a38d6b04070638e23ec7b71e3443a","side":"right"},{"sibling":"d415e6939aee710631f5062799379b547d2c3e3d9a68f263bbb5a693285ab2ca","side":"left"},{"sibling":"e5893793e3591ed7f5e58ca94ffcfba46bb30f69fb1c25d5ba8ef49eb99f9126","side":"right"},{"sibling":"35ca36cee447f0ef7064a25d55f59357c66901e31427729c4c1d8b14aa8adb6c","side":"left"},{"sibling":"e3eecaf996dbe7229a7bb1d234c97aea97a252c5f7c89f8547b6d091db0f0e40","side":"right"},{"sibling":"55bcbd4da3e20d93931f7e58673f10232e81a5b1514d7396cb4b71e8f95788d0","side":"right"},{"sibling":"d841ad93efda0869e5eb97678f348f03f5caab4353e05ff4bf18f47fb945b822","side":"left"}]},"schema":"crovia.axiom_proof.v1","seal":{"first_collector_run_id":"","first_receipt_hash":"","jsonl_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl","key_id":"430895f101d38164","last_collector_run_id":"","last_receipt_hash":"","leaf_count":152106,"merkle_root":"ac5182c6f3dd09931f2a689df5f4be36df7b55e55bcf106e195671f5ed55fd8f","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","run_id":"hourly_json_retrofit_20260526T053701Z","schema":"crovia.seal.v1","seal_family_version":"crovia-seal-family/1","seal_kind":"substrate_batch","sealed_at":"2026-05-26T05:37:34Z","sig_algorithm":"ed25519","signature":"a401243fbd2c077d29a623c6ef616c78fbd5c8ce1930afa7af7165b2386e5a8cf15d5094983a1c962e71b27b911a3f3ce09c8cfab9393be2ce5ce8ee6513da06","signer_version":"1.1.0"},"trust_root":{"key_id":"430895f101d38164","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","signature_algorithm":"ed25519","url":"/registry/canon/TRUST_ROOT.md"},"verifier":{"spec":"/registry/canon/AXIOM_RECEIPT_v1.md","url":"/v/axm_284dbae274be66788bbff34baa56d215ff9a24e6a0342fbb67332a2df0c4d111"}}