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However, in many reasoning domains, the model must also validate generated tasks and judge generated answers to obtain training signals. This creates a training-signal challenge: erroneous self-judgments become erroneous gradient updates. Existing approaches either rely on external verifiers, which limits generality, or treat noisy self-generated feedback as supervision. We propose COSE (Confidence-Orchestrated Self-Evolution), which uses the LLM's intrinsic confidence as a lightweight uncertainty signal to modulate learning. COSE introduces confidence-weighted PPO updates and confidence-prioritized replay. Across 19 held-out benchmarks and four Qwen/Llama backbones (0.6B--4B), COSE consistently improves over base models and achieves the best average performance in general reasoning and ma","title":"Confidence-Orchestrated Self-Evolution against Uncertain LLM Feedback","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.28010","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"summary":"arXiv:2605.28010v1 Announce Type: new \nAbstract: Self-evolving large language models (LLMs) learn by generating their own training tasks and solutions, reducing reliance on human-curated supervision. However, in many reasoning domains, the model must also validate generated tasks and judge generated answers to obtain training signals. This creates a training-signal challenge: erroneous self-judgments become erroneous gradient updates. Existing approaches either rely on external verifiers, which limits generality, or treat noisy self-generated feedback as supervision. We propose COSE (Confidence-Orchestrated Self-Evolution), which uses the LLM's intrinsic confidence as a lightweight uncertainty signal to modulate learning. COSE introduces confidence-weighted PPO updates and confidence-prioritized replay. Across 19 held-out benchmarks and four Qwen/Llama backbones (0.6B--4B), COSE consistently improves over base models and achieves the best average performance in general reasoning and ma","title":"Confidence-Orchestrated Self-Evolution against Uncertain LLM Feedback","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"confidence":{"method":"deterministic"},"decision":"POSITIVE","issued_at":"2026-05-28T04:43:38Z","notes":"Spider vendor_press (news) news.vendor_press.v1","object":{"captured_by":"crovia.spider.vendor_press","primary_source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.28010"},"predecessors":[],"schema":"crovia.axiom.v1","signature":"ed25519:515318e0669e548232e20fcf28612ae5ad966ddbc76cd890933c968842222c77282f4287743e1e95d601b8827683d6fb342f7a733e05960b5c8b5df1a524990a","signer":"crovia.substrate","subject":{"observed_at":"2026-05-28T04:43:38Z","source_collector":"spider:vendor_press","target_id":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.28010"},"tsa":{"authority":"crovia.substrate.bootstrap","rfc3161_token":"{\"kind\":\"crovia.bootstrap.tsa\",\"source_jsonl\":\"/opt/crovia/spider/data/news/vendor_press_v1.jsonl\",\"source_seal_merkle_root\":\"spider_vendor_press_v1\",\"upgrade_path\":\"Sessione H \\u2014 OpenTimestamps weekly anchor\"}"},"zk_mode":"clear","zk_proof":null},"ledger":{"leaf_hash":"e92d16db3b15378328a73b363185031de9e68f8e5657ae92dfb8ce8e792925f9","leaf_index":155628,"ledger_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl"},"merkle_proof":{"hash_alg":"sha256","leaf_prefix":"0x00","node_prefix":"0x01","odd_leaf_rule":"duplicate_last","path":[{"sibling":"576d6d2ade51c5a23805d5d320b563b0a943d2f20d8ecf8c7582a3002938710e","side":"right"},{"sibling":"998e20f01bdae69b22adeb18bb7749594e3cc66874e5cf7de5c568231152379e","side":"right"},{"sibling":"d77dd5a3f26f5c830d1b0c400bbb32026a412a03dbbe9fd0582d3b90ec9e5c2c","side":"left"},{"sibling":"710937d7e0384b653d078ea4b08213a1f4b6136fde6516a4b219ed9241ab0a62","side":"left"},{"sibling":"d6435b91033fcf32b63286991723fdb5ad8961375d1fab4770414389b7e55a4e","side":"right"},{"sibling":"4f5c0bc0fe04bf8a303961caf66d14882049b75ce6cf00c515653227b2c64bfb","side":"left"},{"sibling":"7252c2f7874601f6b2d750e8a0aa6cc72c6924d6614fe237cd5c97d2026c5c17","side":"left"},{"sibling":"70e73f197ecea5d12ff2f9cf2ca33087110a782ea956c539b3058422ada4b2bd","side":"left"},{"sibling":"8c9c7b64ca041ef0029c35e402972d0bebed706fe997b9c587da6f5c811dcce1","side":"left"},{"sibling":"aa7a574eaea239ab8851da225206477d62a6ea5a15b65834f22d1c10288348e7","side":"left"},{"sibling":"7fcba2ee8232873e5d864902f28968d2be38867751c238f238f629eddb98b226","side":"left"},{"sibling":"816f233274bb10f5a122aac086a0c8c697b78fec67a4af55190bb596b7506fab","side":"left"},{"sibling":"d415e6939aee710631f5062799379b547d2c3e3d9a68f263bbb5a693285ab2ca","side":"left"},{"sibling":"d422d38e0ffe6e849b6ce3259d90c9d36497b4d7391a003e15591668c79028a7","side":"right"},{"sibling":"35ca36cee447f0ef7064a25d55f59357c66901e31427729c4c1d8b14aa8adb6c","side":"left"},{"sibling":"7b6f0bea4291a5e63574dfca9aa0f9756f450c9478c3d07474d39a7ababb51f9","side":"right"},{"sibling":"1d39fe14b21e2ebbfb87e882423b24ee9469eae1e4c77af5b799ac4db9537467","side":"right"},{"sibling":"d841ad93efda0869e5eb97678f348f03f5caab4353e05ff4bf18f47fb945b822","side":"left"}]},"schema":"crovia.axiom_proof.v1","seal":{"first_collector_run_id":"","first_receipt_hash":"","jsonl_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl","key_id":"430895f101d38164","last_collector_run_id":"","last_receipt_hash":"","leaf_count":156177,"merkle_root":"c5705a0243d16afd8b1ebfd731b7aa304079c442c2a7906493c5bbed374c69ec","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","run_id":"hourly_json_retrofit_20260528T053701Z","schema":"crovia.seal.v1","seal_family_version":"crovia-seal-family/1","seal_kind":"substrate_batch","sealed_at":"2026-05-28T05:37:36Z","sig_algorithm":"ed25519","signature":"f087e13febc8bb6a2e0812610de64cebc65be92915518d9c4b230799c3b161839b04c4eb1b02741f938f35545a76ab76555b04c782bdc2f9a44852d171d65909","signer_version":"1.1.0"},"trust_root":{"key_id":"430895f101d38164","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","signature_algorithm":"ed25519","url":"/registry/canon/TRUST_ROOT.md"},"verifier":{"spec":"/registry/canon/AXIOM_RECEIPT_v1.md","url":"/v/axm_2dc842280b9fc6762d7bf0cc68fb26a4f4d90fedcdce1a262a7415ef7b4c556c"}}