{"_canonicalization":{"envelope_id":"axm_ + sha256(envelope minus {signature, axiom_id, anchors})","envelope_signature":"ed25519(envelope minus {signature, axiom_id})","json":"sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False, allow_nan=False, utf-8","leaf_hash":"sha256(0x00 || canonical_json(envelope_full))","seal_signature":"ed25519(seal minus {signature, sig_algorithm})"},"axiom_id":"axm_3019519c74935c5184a5ddbd9803fcee6ff886af12da79b6e11e524eb035aa5e","bitcoin_anchor":{"bitcoin_attestations":[],"calendar_attestations":[],"ots_url":"","stamped_at":"","status":"pending_next_stamp"},"envelope":{"anchors":[{"chain":"crovia.axiom_graph","height":0,"merkle_proof":"spider_vendor_press_v1","root_at_anchor":"spider_vendor_press_v1"}],"axiom_id":"axm_3019519c74935c5184a5ddbd9803fcee6ff886af12da79b6e11e524eb035aa5e","axiom_type":"AX.OBS","body":{"axiom_subtype":"news.vendor_press.v1","category":"news","fingerprint":"c0176b021a157a8aa344e88cd54303d85d56cb121077ffdaf8b55c6a3c0af007","published":"Fri, 29 May 2026 00:00:00 -0400","receipt_hash":"c0176b021a157a8aa344e88cd54303d85d56cb121077ffdaf8b55c6a3c0af007","schema":"spider.news.vendor_press.v1","spider":"vendor_press","spider_record":{"axiom_subtype":"news.vendor_press.v1","category":"news","decision_hint":"POSITIVE","envelope_target":"AX.OBS","fingerprint":"c0176b021a157a8aa344e88cd54303d85d56cb121077ffdaf8b55c6a3c0af007","observed_at":"2026-05-29T04:43:58.478092Z","parent_run_hash":"0fcd87efcfe67ccb9952f747541debc16793919a4d20fd71ca0ad5516a0a13ee","published":"Fri, 29 May 2026 00:00:00 -0400","runtime_version":"0.1.0","schema":"spider.news.vendor_press.v1","source_status":200,"source_url":"https://export.arxiv.org/rss/cs.AI","spider":"vendor_press","summary_excerpt":"arXiv:2605.29434v1 Announce Type: cross \nAbstract: Existing sentence-level watermarking methods enhance robustness to paraphrasing by anchoring watermarks in sentence semantics. However, their prefix-based designs remain vulnerable to structural perturbations, such as sentence splitting and merging, which commonly arise under strong paraphrasers like DIPPER and GPT-3.5. To mitigate this issue, we propose AliMark, a framework that reformulates sentence-level watermarking as a bit sequence encoding and alignment problem between a potentially watermarked text and a secret bit sequence. Notably, our approach adopts a two-stage detection strategy: we generate multiple restructured text variants and adaptively align their extracted bit sequences with the secret bit sequence to minimize alignment cost. This multi-candidate alignment design naturally improves robustness to sentence merges and splits. Extensive experiments demonstrate that AliMark substantially outperforms state-of-the-art base","title":"AliMark: Enhancing Robustness of Sentence-Level Watermarking Against Text Paraphrasing","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.29434","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"summary":"arXiv:2605.29434v1 Announce Type: cross \nAbstract: Existing sentence-level watermarking methods enhance robustness to paraphrasing by anchoring watermarks in sentence semantics. However, their prefix-based designs remain vulnerable to structural perturbations, such as sentence splitting and merging, which commonly arise under strong paraphrasers like DIPPER and GPT-3.5. To mitigate this issue, we propose AliMark, a framework that reformulates sentence-level watermarking as a bit sequence encoding and alignment problem between a potentially watermarked text and a secret bit sequence. Notably, our approach adopts a two-stage detection strategy: we generate multiple restructured text variants and adaptively align their extracted bit sequences with the secret bit sequence to minimize alignment cost. This multi-candidate alignment design naturally improves robustness to sentence merges and splits. Extensive experiments demonstrate that AliMark substantially outperforms state-of-the-art base","title":"AliMark: Enhancing Robustness of Sentence-Level Watermarking Against Text Paraphrasing","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"confidence":{"method":"deterministic"},"decision":"POSITIVE","issued_at":"2026-05-29T04:43:58Z","notes":"Spider vendor_press (news) news.vendor_press.v1","object":{"captured_by":"crovia.spider.vendor_press","primary_source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.29434"},"predecessors":[],"schema":"crovia.axiom.v1","signature":"ed25519:5634f99b61fe9c112f24b8b834b6d73ba41267bb1048421a37f4d7e275fa4723300bdd93636da7461a48546b305f4ccb7d3851b8fc7d796cb99915410d25730a","signer":"crovia.substrate","subject":{"observed_at":"2026-05-29T04:43:58Z","source_collector":"spider:vendor_press","target_id":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.29434"},"tsa":{"authority":"crovia.substrate.bootstrap","rfc3161_token":"{\"kind\":\"crovia.bootstrap.tsa\",\"source_jsonl\":\"/opt/crovia/spider/data/news/vendor_press_v1.jsonl\",\"source_seal_merkle_root\":\"spider_vendor_press_v1\",\"upgrade_path\":\"Sessione H \\u2014 OpenTimestamps weekly anchor\"}"},"zk_mode":"clear","zk_proof":null},"ledger":{"leaf_hash":"7220495d078a89482fc666028b258732572b1be012f3a20b1e1d7d7533800822","leaf_index":157873,"ledger_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl"},"merkle_proof":{"hash_alg":"sha256","leaf_prefix":"0x00","node_prefix":"0x01","odd_leaf_rule":"duplicate_last","path":[{"sibling":"0a2ef125b845be798318a41955516ca22c6dcd0041b51e9be7cc3a339a94ad64","side":"left"},{"sibling":"b20bd575a6327af01b649b7aa249015fd69d6235be2826299a5e3f8f5484aca4","side":"right"},{"sibling":"3493ec5596887098db3301804618850df6386273e128b16aaeaf9247a944f456","side":"right"},{"sibling":"af71f66f677b65a275d2bb6d45d4782ec7bdc8ff96df5692b8b581830e48d2b5","side":"right"},{"sibling":"e788241766442132efe992b69bbd687239d05e04bbdf8e8319ca9e87f00b76ee","side":"left"},{"sibling":"1d770a7afc3b7d02294dadd89e798c30fe98235812d942f3bed22ceaa89d174f","side":"left"},{"sibling":"baa03d8bd5455a8ed912b06e1971d4d9eda400ea2182069710ca2d118b3ea305","side":"right"},{"sibling":"8fe4932bfd0d62d46f26dbb29e67a452b7b1c018843a618ec931b6043bac464c","side":"left"},{"sibling":"291a37d6414d385e45486ef4725ce7087043d900d04f90b309d04bd876c338e5","side":"right"},{"sibling":"1dcc44e23fbb0218b13591e4b584eca3600dcf365769cb741e0ecd33b25b8c56","side":"right"},{"sibling":"fcf16a6f44025801f5b83e928acce764352ddbc06ae3043d8cde9a409933e6d8","side":"right"},{"sibling":"78982294dee68f9db9288c64d7e507c7865fda96e1b6f7ccff5c8bb152e93c49","side":"left"},{"sibling":"995b421824624a8282c7f44e64c64ee35344800f477ae1845b41be14d3fab94c","side":"right"},{"sibling":"66331bac84ca0f8983eb09fac7eaf95af234f1b82680b793eabff4ee25caac40","side":"left"},{"sibling":"35ca36cee447f0ef7064a25d55f59357c66901e31427729c4c1d8b14aa8adb6c","side":"left"},{"sibling":"eef0e8906a749d3470f89beeedc723f37a5737010bbb0dcc7cf91515338e5a3e","side":"right"},{"sibling":"1a07e481a9407d71aad078ce854cdeee362163c887fe10f889b0ecf0b5e749ad","side":"right"},{"sibling":"d841ad93efda0869e5eb97678f348f03f5caab4353e05ff4bf18f47fb945b822","side":"left"}]},"schema":"crovia.axiom_proof.v1","seal":{"first_collector_run_id":"","first_receipt_hash":"","jsonl_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl","key_id":"430895f101d38164","last_collector_run_id":"","last_receipt_hash":"","leaf_count":158251,"merkle_root":"485e6b31fe60c8beba5b394808c7e4c32448b2ff65c2482c480ca0e2a2eda718","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","run_id":"hourly_json_retrofit_20260529T053701Z","schema":"crovia.seal.v1","seal_family_version":"crovia-seal-family/1","seal_kind":"substrate_batch","sealed_at":"2026-05-29T05:37:37Z","sig_algorithm":"ed25519","signature":"bbf9f005201182fce4f9d94c7a9d01a508b56daf7d9611bd73514f5f616bc059d0e5e1f2edfc95716e6fe08ef5fae38b558cbf7f2fd8f9d5dfe4c34a54c83005","signer_version":"1.1.0"},"trust_root":{"key_id":"430895f101d38164","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","signature_algorithm":"ed25519","url":"/registry/canon/TRUST_ROOT.md"},"verifier":{"spec":"/registry/canon/AXIOM_RECEIPT_v1.md","url":"/v/axm_3019519c74935c5184a5ddbd9803fcee6ff886af12da79b6e11e524eb035aa5e"}}