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Standardized evaluations of 12 state-of-the-art SNNs reveal stark disparities: models trained on biased data exhibit 23\\% higher false p","title":"Benchmarking Fairness in Spiking Neural Networks: Data Bias, Spurious Features, and Hardware Effects","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"confidence":{"method":"deterministic"},"decision":"POSITIVE","issued_at":"2026-05-28T04:43:38Z","notes":"Spider vendor_press (news) news.vendor_press.v1","object":{"captured_by":"crovia.spider.vendor_press","primary_source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.27407"},"predecessors":[],"schema":"crovia.axiom.v1","signature":"ed25519:ab16c467f4e2fb170169585d42fdd134f0beee3666842a5da4f20b93550ab4907169ff987916e169746b0863da918f2d24e45763dd07ce41aed1ad2db065c90f","signer":"crovia.substrate","subject":{"observed_at":"2026-05-28T04:43:38Z","source_collector":"spider:vendor_press","target_id":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.27407"},"tsa":{"authority":"crovia.substrate.bootstrap","rfc3161_token":"{\"kind\":\"crovia.bootstrap.tsa\",\"source_jsonl\":\"/opt/crovia/spider/data/news/vendor_press_v1.jsonl\",\"source_seal_merkle_root\":\"spider_vendor_press_v1\",\"upgrade_path\":\"Sessione H \\u2014 OpenTimestamps weekly anchor\"}"},"zk_mode":"clear","zk_proof":null},"ledger":{"leaf_hash":"da23bbda9bcbe111b310bbb37113c43910f5b21382cd4294452e6a346e2ded83","leaf_index":155751,"ledger_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl"},"merkle_proof":{"hash_alg":"sha256","leaf_prefix":"0x00","node_prefix":"0x01","odd_leaf_rule":"duplicate_last","path":[{"sibling":"86ad319ae791316f2db8fbc49ce7fbb564d9a3ef63e8a43f2a96dd9f1e4be99a","side":"left"},{"sibling":"6636c739b8ad7296d4d62726c172b9f1710759fd497f1951f976b80ab1d83af3","side":"left"},{"sibling":"592e0731df9bcf2e42f33241320a422bdc35ae310655ee6ef97d68498038a24b","side":"left"},{"sibling":"7f2d744ad96caea408810a27080b7c0a63da02dec9a5ee8d54ea6f350a6166fa","side":"right"},{"sibling":"f52f5e6d9d61bb18f0de8b9810b0e12d5e384518abdebdeaf112f42d2b49c4cb","side":"right"},{"sibling":"1adf002f9b807d8778cf742a22cebc104a3abb903872546a714b6f82664820e8","side":"left"},{"sibling":"a299ae15a94dac7bcde3130343976ae9f62e27db41f358bdc5756bffdece756d","side":"left"},{"sibling":"afa86de7d2b39f53748bea8c4274ea857aed4694d034da9da1628457bb87cbe4","side":"right"},{"sibling":"0adb35dd3ad9bfc4a781c02606acf0a3ce1e28e1a88066209cc1a35814e790ad","side":"right"},{"sibling":"f292d3278e493ec60902181b8c0bd5c89c0a1168ef928222fe6161287982f7f0","side":"right"},{"sibling":"2209295faf1a5bf51c97c6fd5a839a8181a4ea44f490420381530f35df7d9b2f","side":"right"},{"sibling":"5784576a15214ea9fc3569e6e1cff1ef443c0b1fc0d036028489088af089de27","side":"right"},{"sibling":"311772ec218efcb2da5a337f9e9f042fe1cc0028643adb0a354787e4ea7911b7","side":"right"},{"sibling":"66331bac84ca0f8983eb09fac7eaf95af234f1b82680b793eabff4ee25caac40","side":"left"},{"sibling":"35ca36cee447f0ef7064a25d55f59357c66901e31427729c4c1d8b14aa8adb6c","side":"left"},{"sibling":"7b6f0bea4291a5e63574dfca9aa0f9756f450c9478c3d07474d39a7ababb51f9","side":"right"},{"sibling":"1d39fe14b21e2ebbfb87e882423b24ee9469eae1e4c77af5b799ac4db9537467","side":"right"},{"sibling":"d841ad93efda0869e5eb97678f348f03f5caab4353e05ff4bf18f47fb945b822","side":"left"}]},"schema":"crovia.axiom_proof.v1","seal":{"first_collector_run_id":"","first_receipt_hash":"","jsonl_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl","key_id":"430895f101d38164","last_collector_run_id":"","last_receipt_hash":"","leaf_count":156177,"merkle_root":"c5705a0243d16afd8b1ebfd731b7aa304079c442c2a7906493c5bbed374c69ec","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","run_id":"hourly_json_retrofit_20260528T053701Z","schema":"crovia.seal.v1","seal_family_version":"crovia-seal-family/1","seal_kind":"substrate_batch","sealed_at":"2026-05-28T05:37:36Z","sig_algorithm":"ed25519","signature":"f087e13febc8bb6a2e0812610de64cebc65be92915518d9c4b230799c3b161839b04c4eb1b02741f938f35545a76ab76555b04c782bdc2f9a44852d171d65909","signer_version":"1.1.0"},"trust_root":{"key_id":"430895f101d38164","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","signature_algorithm":"ed25519","url":"/registry/canon/TRUST_ROOT.md"},"verifier":{"spec":"/registry/canon/AXIOM_RECEIPT_v1.md","url":"/v/axm_39100b4c3905218557484f74d9c8d2edf56568593ef7997c07167cbee83d7160"}}