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We audit whether LangChain/LangGraph,\n  LlamaIndex, and the Stripe Agent Toolkit re-authorize each model-emitted call, with concrete argument values, before execution. Across pinned public-source commits, all three provide capability gating by default, but none provides a deterministic fail-closed per-call\n  value authorization gate by default. We introduce ScopeGate, a five-stage PDP/PEP for agent tool calls: scope, authorization, money ceiling, idempotency, and default deny. Evaluation shows the identical unauthorized payout call executes under LangChain's default\n  dispatch (with a companion LlamaIndex PoC) but is denied by ScopeGate; the tested control reports 0/48 static bypasses, 0/29 unauthorized attempts ","title":"Capability Gates Are Not Authorization: Confused-Deputy Failures in LLM Agent Frameworks","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.28679","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"summary":"arXiv:2606.28679v1 Announce Type: cross \nAbstract: Tool-using LLM agents increasingly read untrusted content while holding side-effecting tools such as payments, email, CRM, and infrastructure APIs, yet common framework defaults still conflate tool exposure with authorization. We audit whether LangChain/LangGraph,\n  LlamaIndex, and the Stripe Agent Toolkit re-authorize each model-emitted call, with concrete argument values, before execution. Across pinned public-source commits, all three provide capability gating by default, but none provides a deterministic fail-closed per-call\n  value authorization gate by default. We introduce ScopeGate, a five-stage PDP/PEP for agent tool calls: scope, authorization, money ceiling, idempotency, and default deny. Evaluation shows the identical unauthorized payout call executes under LangChain's default\n  dispatch (with a companion LlamaIndex PoC) but is denied by ScopeGate; the tested control reports 0/48 static bypasses, 0/29 unauthorized attempts ","title":"Capability Gates Are Not Authorization: Confused-Deputy Failures in LLM Agent Frameworks","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"confidence":{"method":"deterministic"},"decision":"POSITIVE","issued_at":"2026-06-30T04:43:04Z","notes":"Spider vendor_press (news) news.vendor_press.v1","object":{"captured_by":"crovia.spider.vendor_press","primary_source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.28679"},"predecessors":[],"schema":"crovia.axiom.v1","signature":"ed25519:24429b12823139354412613b5b336b2443a6575f479e6f32f96b2dee128e0e4e3f98e5b7113546f1d62bda3b7740116a826e4c51693da865493673eb504f9f0f","signer":"crovia.substrate","subject":{"observed_at":"2026-06-30T04:43:04Z","source_collector":"spider:vendor_press","target_id":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.28679"},"tsa":{"authority":"crovia.substrate.bootstrap","rfc3161_token":"{\"kind\":\"crovia.bootstrap.tsa\",\"source_jsonl\":\"/opt/crovia/spider/data/news/vendor_press_v1.jsonl\",\"source_seal_merkle_root\":\"spider_vendor_press_v1\",\"upgrade_path\":\"Sessione H \\u2014 OpenTimestamps weekly anchor\"}"},"zk_mode":"clear","zk_proof":null},"ledger":{"leaf_hash":"4e68c063eebfb144bbf86fab3a7b5e577565e278817d2e4a67d988ebadd5790b","leaf_index":264813,"ledger_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl"},"merkle_proof":{"hash_alg":"sha256","leaf_prefix":"0x00","node_prefix":"0x01","odd_leaf_rule":"duplicate_last","path":[{"sibling":"7af45b81e1a03500fccd4df3c4b707248e5794200b840b2c7a6ed8b5094fd6b0","side":"left"},{"sibling":"d89c56afb7445f238437157427b901343d588cf380848f2e5b2c5183f671842b","side":"right"},{"sibling":"b2df7e9c8012b4d0bb6f6ca328e181216e75441ed348edc9a639003b4effe4fe","side":"left"},{"sibling":"d81ae8c053830e68e2f52ff9ee5844e5e5b7019c8559709cee9b4f919bacc01a","side":"left"},{"sibling":"ebf131e0b20688ac748d91a15159ec192bded9830044ba35bc9b6a5f024a04be","side":"right"},{"sibling":"33dbd3a9b2e128cf394799a0a36e3f8b264d437f699e2395a8391b1af90205e2","side":"left"},{"sibling":"7d9ad23cb99988ac87bcf1034b01c1f9e716ab241d8bb417891c45e1a7c70a4c","side":"left"},{"sibling":"92d25c86b5a938b3e074cf8fcb4a80258ab9ddd97e3e6db319711ef13e7bf528","side":"right"},{"sibling":"5767f14b55df4212d25ae2f52b8f3d4abff2555c65ba62935ed6cb0a8e617b43","side":"right"},{"sibling":"1549a8883ab3267f958dc2624919e40c65c82958b8005967ed6a4da1247da0ad","side":"left"},{"sibling":"23994bf0974e5c9c7f63a61b4f0a48b0ca756a4adc34a8f85f878e774c37dfbe","side":"right"},{"sibling":"f9b4bed84fa6990c71ad2887c91bda183001f05f6b648f21d1273045a26b11fd","side":"left"},{"sibling":"173d2dc4b29ee04ea41d6d0ebc334c4bc2d46e7ee4230c94765413f24fb4bc42","side":"right"},{"sibling":"112461f7c0ec411116fb5c6c90fe95cea9d8f188b9fe08afe25a837ac02d0071","side":"right"},{"sibling":"ea9488204352c49db8f7daf05eefcd7628ecf9413830346674801a99d0654a94","side":"right"},{"sibling":"6261c13b9922cb657f10d1e5d36ec15d8771cf8766e36c61dcbffb7bed57e396","side":"right"},{"sibling":"fa19aa3faf287618b820bcfceebb366152ad521dd20ef9f51e977816663e448b","side":"right"},{"sibling":"c32f943406b62d1fc59b7f7e243492174c8e1caba8c8a2705f86c773315736e0","side":"right"},{"sibling":"1cecb7f447febd025aac272837c80de218aecc6485d2395a509b2a1f1b9c746e","side":"left"}]},"schema":"crovia.axiom_proof.v1","seal":{"first_collector_run_id":"","first_receipt_hash":"","jsonl_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl","key_id":"430895f101d38164","last_collector_run_id":"","last_receipt_hash":"","leaf_count":265374,"merkle_root":"9636001ecab173cb6af10dc7c71eb14585daa62f9c0a6f027046f05633156891","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","run_id":"hourly_json_retrofit_20260630T053701Z","schema":"crovia.seal.v1","seal_family_version":"crovia-seal-family/1","seal_kind":"substrate_batch","sealed_at":"2026-06-30T05:38:03Z","sig_algorithm":"ed25519","signature":"6d4b8fd9b9da856cbb5fba7540877c6a63fa18a5ec3eaf28dc4d6d1c64921c9c0565f8c95f4b7aec0e7744fd7754844f051baf863db708cad768765b416a7b0c","signer_version":"1.1.0"},"trust_root":{"key_id":"430895f101d38164","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","signature_algorithm":"ed25519","url":"/registry/canon/TRUST_ROOT.md"},"verifier":{"spec":"/registry/canon/AXIOM_RECEIPT_v1.md","url":"/v/axm_3bd3ee2a31ea3d8549dc72d4eda99987986bc702909a3e3b12ce7480829c26bb"}}