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We study this gap from a representation-geometric perspective by analyzing a text-aligned refusal direction and a modality-induced drift direction. We show that multimodal inputs compress the usable separation along the refusal direction, making it no longer reliable for identifying and refusing harmful inputs. We refer to this failure mode as Safety Geometry Collapse. We quantify it through conditional refusal separability and show that stronger modality-induced drift is consistently associated with weaker refusal separability and higher attack success rates. We then validate the causal role of modality-induced drift through a fixed-strength activation intervention: counteracting the estimated drift restores refusal separability and impr","title":"Safety Geometry Collapse in Multimodal LLMs and Adaptive Drift Correction","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.18104","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"summary":"arXiv:2605.18104v1 Announce Type: new \nAbstract: Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) often fail to transfer safety capabilities learned in the text modality to semantically equivalent non-text inputs, revealing a persistent multimodal safety gap. We study this gap from a representation-geometric perspective by analyzing a text-aligned refusal direction and a modality-induced drift direction. We show that multimodal inputs compress the usable separation along the refusal direction, making it no longer reliable for identifying and refusing harmful inputs. We refer to this failure mode as Safety Geometry Collapse. We quantify it through conditional refusal separability and show that stronger modality-induced drift is consistently associated with weaker refusal separability and higher attack success rates. We then validate the causal role of modality-induced drift through a fixed-strength activation intervention: counteracting the estimated drift restores refusal separability and impr","title":"Safety Geometry Collapse in Multimodal LLMs and Adaptive Drift Correction","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"confidence":{"method":"deterministic"},"decision":"POSITIVE","issued_at":"2026-05-19T04:43:36Z","notes":"Spider vendor_press (news) news.vendor_press.v1","object":{"captured_by":"crovia.spider.vendor_press","primary_source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.18104"},"predecessors":[],"schema":"crovia.axiom.v1","signature":"ed25519:7a21ea20a3dccf39314f690b17940b811beb2ef194e292dcdbe9f9031916119157ffe51061f387fd126ee36cf21c69d05a48549f4a33032c6781ecd958a99805","signer":"crovia.substrate","subject":{"observed_at":"2026-05-19T04:43:36Z","source_collector":"spider:vendor_press","target_id":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.18104"},"tsa":{"authority":"crovia.substrate.bootstrap","rfc3161_token":"{\"kind\":\"crovia.bootstrap.tsa\",\"source_jsonl\":\"/opt/crovia/spider/data/news/vendor_press_v1.jsonl\",\"source_seal_merkle_root\":\"spider_vendor_press_v1\",\"upgrade_path\":\"Sessione H \\u2014 OpenTimestamps weekly anchor\"}"},"zk_mode":"clear","zk_proof":null},"ledger":{"leaf_hash":"343289e328dfa8befaa79a8ec50a4af6be00fbd688f3aa7652bed9b898f668b4","leaf_index":142460,"ledger_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl"},"merkle_proof":{"hash_alg":"sha256","leaf_prefix":"0x00","node_prefix":"0x01","odd_leaf_rule":"duplicate_last","path":[{"sibling":"b9f05ad9310012df6c1c87922d0a7b4592902566fcb006e6ef99249325647067","side":"right"},{"sibling":"299733665a3d2c9791ce4ae824d51a9b658584800f282ef1691fa51779c81ce6","side":"right"},{"sibling":"b775feb94bac59dee76519b877a72b7ca94c5b03ddbbe117c9d81e7b70db3f62","side":"left"},{"sibling":"d45c4d44fea73aab7b598fe9a7c28e5e62a70ffe30379856d3f5d4d4bbbf0aba","side":"left"},{"sibling":"63eb4cb87d29baa6167c0dd07f59b195f52456782a5e13b5588c5e4cbe93cff3","side":"left"},{"sibling":"9ab16765688dc11b76e845a853bd1dad5ea996c09d650a840ee90d85838b1f58","side":"left"},{"sibling":"d0b56e9dc101b8d881b8d3739227c4d0aaca1cf96fef1945825f5d56fd5664ff","side":"left"},{"sibling":"6b37a038a508ab9f6e9513e2a88094021d9ee3a5e516d7a811c9cd8e3ad55e3c","side":"right"},{"sibling":"bbd9a0327a91b5df2093631f9bf2665ba64be214117a6f2060ca0e6e4c6bf27d","side":"right"},{"sibling":"2e0ce989d789c88e796991ef014ce7e4e1f96c0d4ede9da8d31afcf5ba6a8f46","side":"right"},{"sibling":"202f1bead178ef3785968d50d3d188264a95192a077654c331612e04a34cbfbe","side":"left"},{"sibling":"72249c8c8b068386e35d16f4bd0bbeb9ba820ca217ef0f0d28396c9fe493f5f0","side":"left"},{"sibling":"ea64599340f7ffdf17ad0cbc1d9401ef8870a347e3847bdc106d06b1673df09c","side":"right"},{"sibling":"8f4c0fbe56b6c010fbb8c782ebcd478079bb3f991d8704e2534209a075d9163c","side":"left"},{"sibling":"4db1f363729507e27a60851cf6ed334d7b9acdef194ed7d419aba4d2bd367a4a","side":"right"},{"sibling":"a86ee18c45e7fcc408b6007eaece05aa75b2d9ae30252e9e878462b4dffbef7b","side":"right"},{"sibling":"1d18e7663d43ccff0122ecc7ee12645bb16afb607b218e81b1ea2408f863cb78","side":"right"},{"sibling":"d841ad93efda0869e5eb97678f348f03f5caab4353e05ff4bf18f47fb945b822","side":"left"}]},"schema":"crovia.axiom_proof.v1","seal":{"first_collector_run_id":"","first_receipt_hash":"","jsonl_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl","key_id":"430895f101d38164","last_collector_run_id":"","last_receipt_hash":"","leaf_count":143302,"merkle_root":"999156d40a7c61d9ddd52b7338f3cbda3e68f53bace070c7b616ea194e23b123","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","run_id":"hourly_json_retrofit_20260519T053701Z","schema":"crovia.seal.v1","seal_family_version":"crovia-seal-family/1","seal_kind":"substrate_batch","sealed_at":"2026-05-19T05:37:30Z","sig_algorithm":"ed25519","signature":"b1a252cc66ff32bed1d10dd88a6b2a200e3856d3dbcfcc4ee55e02e00f3d548e854ed9c544704b222bd5d315492c4a935ba2d90d727c585a67899b0ad602fc05","signer_version":"1.1.0"},"trust_root":{"key_id":"430895f101d38164","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","signature_algorithm":"ed25519","url":"/registry/canon/TRUST_ROOT.md"},"verifier":{"spec":"/registry/canon/AXIOM_RECEIPT_v1.md","url":"/v/axm_3ed9a967ae5c2aad89d0b41568f014c31734946644e9a9a3221b0efe249adbf2"}}