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In-Context Learning (ICL) forms a memory representation of the demonstrations in a single forward pass but cannot refine it when insufficient. Prompt-based methods offer lightweight adaptation by optimizing a trainable prompt or prefix but initialize it independently of the demonstrations. In contrast, Context Tuning leverages the model's inherent ICL ability to initialize a trainable memory representation from demonstrations, then refines it through gradient-based optimization. Extensive evaluations on benchmarks such as CrossFit, UnifiedQA, MMLU, BIG-Bench Hard, and ARC demonstrate that Context Tuning outperforms both ICL and traditional prompt-based adaptation methods while achieving competitive accuracy with Test-Time Training at significantly higher training efficie","title":"Context Tuning for In-Context Optimization","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.04221","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"summary":"arXiv:2507.04221v3 Announce Type: replace-cross \nAbstract: We introduce Context Tuning, a simple and effective method to significantly enhance few-shot adaptation of large language models (LLMs) without weight updates. In-Context Learning (ICL) forms a memory representation of the demonstrations in a single forward pass but cannot refine it when insufficient. Prompt-based methods offer lightweight adaptation by optimizing a trainable prompt or prefix but initialize it independently of the demonstrations. 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Extensive evaluations on benchmarks such as CrossFit, UnifiedQA, MMLU, BIG-Bench Hard, and ARC demonstrate that Context Tuning outperforms both ICL and traditional prompt-based adaptation methods while achieving competitive accuracy with Test-Time Training at significantly higher training efficie","title":"Context Tuning for In-Context Optimization","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"confidence":{"method":"deterministic"},"decision":"POSITIVE","issued_at":"2026-07-07T04:43:08Z","notes":"Spider vendor_press (news) news.vendor_press.v1","object":{"captured_by":"crovia.spider.vendor_press","primary_source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.04221"},"predecessors":[],"schema":"crovia.axiom.v1","signature":"ed25519:d6462f875d28e7742a2c70db8d68a5090fef9e58c765c67af425903f85245e301f839ca817fc9f815bcb3d2f3913fc911f80b753d846f3fa5abed2496778c70b","signer":"crovia.substrate","subject":{"observed_at":"2026-07-07T04:43:08Z","source_collector":"spider:vendor_press","target_id":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.04221"},"tsa":{"authority":"crovia.substrate.bootstrap","rfc3161_token":"{\"kind\":\"crovia.bootstrap.tsa\",\"source_jsonl\":\"/opt/crovia/spider/data/news/vendor_press_v1.jsonl\",\"source_seal_merkle_root\":\"spider_vendor_press_v1\",\"upgrade_path\":\"Sessione H \\u2014 OpenTimestamps weekly anchor\"}"},"zk_mode":"clear","zk_proof":null},"ledger":{"leaf_hash":"e633dc10dd9afeed159894600e95c36a318f1ac0c37f0f1fb09eb6d62bdf6ba0","leaf_index":289287,"ledger_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl"},"merkle_proof":{"hash_alg":"sha256","leaf_prefix":"0x00","node_prefix":"0x01","odd_leaf_rule":"duplicate_last","path":[{"sibling":"83f33f00e0b0b47caa962acea0c84f118e97b5bbe848b0f6caef9134b0a4e30b","side":"left"},{"sibling":"4453a13c4736430ebf0307c5817f26ec5a28838fac468bb3f1de9346aadaa50a","side":"left"},{"sibling":"71ae5dab4b902d2dad78ae542ecf081a79ef258de4a09db5be1b445b294a32aa","side":"left"},{"sibling":"31c9a8f2ddc63a729d3bb5ca9ddc43a70f84896e5b34e01870dcc9c1f62927a5","side":"right"},{"sibling":"32c763629b8ff0b2e61b5067a7264ad488a4532226ff4e47d77159e5344c5d9b","side":"right"},{"sibling":"b7caa8b53c359302da8c5fcf86475c845a3344ce2f9fed83b4dd6683ddca2969","side":"right"},{"sibling":"03859ecdcaf1a28affa4dcbc6f1891bba5976217b215c0347fa290d7bbad3c65","side":"right"},{"sibling":"5adcd5a480e23093dce11f4b3900b046cf6185bd037ccd9881856faa29f08083","side":"right"},{"sibling":"f6a26c200957df5b056969d2ac473b7e794709bf54454460f447a4af62c6bd58","side":"right"},{"sibling":"c6f2478caecaf381e6b06b04f99195339b88d0db4da957bf2106979ee4a0375c","side":"left"},{"sibling":"19d6dfd29bc47f35fa02e8fe765277ba9cc3e6da5072309f24ebaac5b5f295e3","side":"right"},{"sibling":"8e0ad7889eb2d4b40e5b6c3d8e2eb19d4e202374983f468aa76321823de07a9f","side":"left"},{"sibling":"aae716235efcb893a1f219dbcd5095070d08a497769fc6d50c14976aa26d5750","side":"right"},{"sibling":"a75ab4319e241beeddb1b3f5705febe0422937926c3479923ccfb0b0082fa4e3","side":"left"},{"sibling":"bd04fa605f883bfb2b81510d045b1e85e555a03da3be083619f61384dfe40ff8","side":"left"},{"sibling":"1b72ad8d12164fdf329e7871711be99d8569d140b21f94056e6962da21da9ce1","side":"right"},{"sibling":"5f5109c2bfdcc7a7e70554bba25862e2d7ce86b6b0cd48a72eb66d2eb735f321","side":"right"},{"sibling":"05fd8a05dddb2e7f72bbb5b290ca55c378f1aed709f132277908d9a5f30eb605","side":"right"},{"sibling":"1cecb7f447febd025aac272837c80de218aecc6485d2395a509b2a1f1b9c746e","side":"left"}]},"schema":"crovia.axiom_proof.v1","seal":{"first_collector_run_id":"","first_receipt_hash":"","jsonl_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl","key_id":"430895f101d38164","last_collector_run_id":"","last_receipt_hash":"","leaf_count":289613,"merkle_root":"dc428b9d9ba248d4f93f63147bf7c700bf5be7f500cec6c3507b9df6e9401601","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","run_id":"hourly_json_retrofit_20260707T053701Z","schema":"crovia.seal.v1","seal_family_version":"crovia-seal-family/1","seal_kind":"substrate_batch","sealed_at":"2026-07-07T05:38:15Z","sig_algorithm":"ed25519","signature":"c468b0e183383ab71992be40bda451093e6cd8cd8efb0d26f68e135a804b287c209d12a0f4fdd95c69c835c04b78df8cb1903dee1f53d4730b36f5332a29fe05","signer_version":"1.1.0"},"trust_root":{"key_id":"430895f101d38164","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","signature_algorithm":"ed25519","url":"/registry/canon/TRUST_ROOT.md"},"verifier":{"spec":"/registry/canon/AXIOM_RECEIPT_v1.md","url":"/v/axm_455f06d141a60adc6de2ea9b6dfa0dbbac2c5c9ae060b9011006aad924a5ee74"}}