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We investigate whether multi-turn conversations using low-resource African languages (Afrikaans, Kiswahili, isiXhosa, and isiZulu) can bypass safety mechanisms across commercial LLMs. We translated prompts from existing datasets and evaluated ChatGPT, Claude, DeepSeek, Gemini, and Grok through automated testing and human red-teaming with native speakers. Single-turn translation attacks proved ineffective, while multi-turn conversations achieved English harmful response rates from 52.7% (Claude 3.5 Haiku) to 83.6% (GPT-4o-mini), Afrikaans from 60.0% (Claude 3.5 Haiku) to 78.2% (GPT-4o-mini), and Kiswahili from 41.8% (Claude 3.5 Haiku) to 70.9% (DeepSeek). Human red-teaming increased jailbreak rates compared to automated methods. Over all evaluated languages, the average jailbreak rate increased from 59.8% to 75.8%, with improvements o","title":"Multilingual jailbreaking of LLMs using low-resource languages","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.18239","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"summary":"arXiv:2605.18239v1 Announce Type: cross \nAbstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attempts that circumvent safety guardrails. We investigate whether multi-turn conversations using low-resource African languages (Afrikaans, Kiswahili, isiXhosa, and isiZulu) can bypass safety mechanisms across commercial LLMs. We translated prompts from existing datasets and evaluated ChatGPT, Claude, DeepSeek, Gemini, and Grok through automated testing and human red-teaming with native speakers. Single-turn translation attacks proved ineffective, while multi-turn conversations achieved English harmful response rates from 52.7% (Claude 3.5 Haiku) to 83.6% (GPT-4o-mini), Afrikaans from 60.0% (Claude 3.5 Haiku) to 78.2% (GPT-4o-mini), and Kiswahili from 41.8% (Claude 3.5 Haiku) to 70.9% (DeepSeek). Human red-teaming increased jailbreak rates compared to automated methods. Over all evaluated languages, the average jailbreak rate increased from 59.8% to 75.8%, with improvements o","title":"Multilingual jailbreaking of LLMs using low-resource languages","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"confidence":{"method":"deterministic"},"decision":"POSITIVE","issued_at":"2026-05-19T04:43:36Z","notes":"Spider vendor_press (news) news.vendor_press.v1","object":{"captured_by":"crovia.spider.vendor_press","primary_source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.18239"},"predecessors":[],"schema":"crovia.axiom.v1","signature":"ed25519:c4d346727c54e821bd5f665636b6663c19f45c44ff6186f4056e2f29e3287cb15484d5933fc8ba18fc16e2b906747a26de86ba59c5ccb980783ee3f0ffd77906","signer":"crovia.substrate","subject":{"observed_at":"2026-05-19T04:43:36Z","source_collector":"spider:vendor_press","target_id":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.18239"},"tsa":{"authority":"crovia.substrate.bootstrap","rfc3161_token":"{\"kind\":\"crovia.bootstrap.tsa\",\"source_jsonl\":\"/opt/crovia/spider/data/news/vendor_press_v1.jsonl\",\"source_seal_merkle_root\":\"spider_vendor_press_v1\",\"upgrade_path\":\"Sessione H \\u2014 OpenTimestamps weekly anchor\"}"},"zk_mode":"clear","zk_proof":null},"ledger":{"leaf_hash":"363263aec3bdf6f1a210794b588ab34a99c13dfd86be9608cc8117a8e06b56c4","leaf_index":142845,"ledger_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl"},"merkle_proof":{"hash_alg":"sha256","leaf_prefix":"0x00","node_prefix":"0x01","odd_leaf_rule":"duplicate_last","path":[{"sibling":"50702869fdc9fa6a7f4977c913819fa774eba7e61868e1a7f6da441cfbb90843","side":"left"},{"sibling":"75da63ed8ae1cd59484a0619b60961426c559bbf168fa6c2a513dd01ee555b02","side":"right"},{"sibling":"9deb522615e302b1fd52b97d4aaa91d2f287d207b29798562b8ba54ea4ed72f2","side":"left"},{"sibling":"af2cd574520a7fb1a9a09e39c611f8e3e0a96645c3b886ea74e55fa8b3d4cdb9","side":"left"},{"sibling":"22aa67fb179891edaf00dc00ac478eb849c1df0fe9f75a732db0755ef15a568a","side":"left"},{"sibling":"b20281a18efefd22a53865024a324dd7382dccc561660387151a9918c829a505","side":"left"},{"sibling":"323685a66e9243202fc51767d169b1aade6efd749dca8b6de8ac2c6fde5340ff","side":"left"},{"sibling":"bda8ed627eb0c8b21066bfa3a60b10b3fd1daf60f49295408a27bab24b140eb3","side":"left"},{"sibling":"f1c796d3bd453570426dcee9ab20072f19762202f84b7993afba2c7c0ee9ec3b","side":"left"},{"sibling":"2e0ce989d789c88e796991ef014ce7e4e1f96c0d4ede9da8d31afcf5ba6a8f46","side":"right"},{"sibling":"202f1bead178ef3785968d50d3d188264a95192a077654c331612e04a34cbfbe","side":"left"},{"sibling":"72249c8c8b068386e35d16f4bd0bbeb9ba820ca217ef0f0d28396c9fe493f5f0","side":"left"},{"sibling":"ea64599340f7ffdf17ad0cbc1d9401ef8870a347e3847bdc106d06b1673df09c","side":"right"},{"sibling":"8f4c0fbe56b6c010fbb8c782ebcd478079bb3f991d8704e2534209a075d9163c","side":"left"},{"sibling":"4db1f363729507e27a60851cf6ed334d7b9acdef194ed7d419aba4d2bd367a4a","side":"right"},{"sibling":"a86ee18c45e7fcc408b6007eaece05aa75b2d9ae30252e9e878462b4dffbef7b","side":"right"},{"sibling":"1d18e7663d43ccff0122ecc7ee12645bb16afb607b218e81b1ea2408f863cb78","side":"right"},{"sibling":"d841ad93efda0869e5eb97678f348f03f5caab4353e05ff4bf18f47fb945b822","side":"left"}]},"schema":"crovia.axiom_proof.v1","seal":{"first_collector_run_id":"","first_receipt_hash":"","jsonl_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl","key_id":"430895f101d38164","last_collector_run_id":"","last_receipt_hash":"","leaf_count":143302,"merkle_root":"999156d40a7c61d9ddd52b7338f3cbda3e68f53bace070c7b616ea194e23b123","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","run_id":"hourly_json_retrofit_20260519T053701Z","schema":"crovia.seal.v1","seal_family_version":"crovia-seal-family/1","seal_kind":"substrate_batch","sealed_at":"2026-05-19T05:37:30Z","sig_algorithm":"ed25519","signature":"b1a252cc66ff32bed1d10dd88a6b2a200e3856d3dbcfcc4ee55e02e00f3d548e854ed9c544704b222bd5d315492c4a935ba2d90d727c585a67899b0ad602fc05","signer_version":"1.1.0"},"trust_root":{"key_id":"430895f101d38164","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","signature_algorithm":"ed25519","url":"/registry/canon/TRUST_ROOT.md"},"verifier":{"spec":"/registry/canon/AXIOM_RECEIPT_v1.md","url":"/v/axm_475a4736b1afce731aacd7233d63c14de63024b7f8579af8040a8a47aa3f6715"}}