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To close this gap, we introduce Grounding-Aware Sensitivity by Perturbation (GASP), a span-level detector that scores each answer sentence by how strongly its likelihood depends on the retrieved evidence, a quantity we term grounding sensitivity. GASP holds the answer fixed and re-scores it under the full context, under no context, and with each chunk removed, then measures the log-likelihood drops and Jensen-Shannon divergences (JSD). The likelihood of a grounded sentence collapses once its supporting passage is removed, whereas a hallucinated sentence is almost unaffected, a contrast we interpret by casting decoding as a random nonlinear iterated function system (RNIFS). We evaluate GASP on three benchmarks (RAGTruth, TofuEval, RAGBen","title":"Detecting Hallucinations in Retrieval-Augmented Generation through Grounding-Aware Sensitivity by Perturbation (GASP)","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.04223","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"summary":"arXiv:2607.04223v1 Announce Type: cross \nAbstract: Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) reduces but does not eliminate hallucination, and existing detectors return a single answer-level score that does not indicate which sentence is unsupported, or why. To close this gap, we introduce Grounding-Aware Sensitivity by Perturbation (GASP), a span-level detector that scores each answer sentence by how strongly its likelihood depends on the retrieved evidence, a quantity we term grounding sensitivity. GASP holds the answer fixed and re-scores it under the full context, under no context, and with each chunk removed, then measures the log-likelihood drops and Jensen-Shannon divergences (JSD). The likelihood of a grounded sentence collapses once its supporting passage is removed, whereas a hallucinated sentence is almost unaffected, a contrast we interpret by casting decoding as a random nonlinear iterated function system (RNIFS). We evaluate GASP on three benchmarks (RAGTruth, TofuEval, RAGBen","title":"Detecting Hallucinations in Retrieval-Augmented Generation through Grounding-Aware Sensitivity by Perturbation (GASP)","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"confidence":{"method":"deterministic"},"decision":"POSITIVE","issued_at":"2026-07-07T04:43:08Z","notes":"Spider vendor_press (news) news.vendor_press.v1","object":{"captured_by":"crovia.spider.vendor_press","primary_source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.04223"},"predecessors":[],"schema":"crovia.axiom.v1","signature":"ed25519:0cdfbbf1610e5b7d16844cc2ee0f7606aab6cf26f3902c5c7b4b6b04ba20dbdeba786a056939196ff276d502acfe664eb49d5e646654f416bd9c860297990309","signer":"crovia.substrate","subject":{"observed_at":"2026-07-07T04:43:08Z","source_collector":"spider:vendor_press","target_id":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.04223"},"tsa":{"authority":"crovia.substrate.bootstrap","rfc3161_token":"{\"kind\":\"crovia.bootstrap.tsa\",\"source_jsonl\":\"/opt/crovia/spider/data/news/vendor_press_v1.jsonl\",\"source_seal_merkle_root\":\"spider_vendor_press_v1\",\"upgrade_path\":\"Sessione H \\u2014 OpenTimestamps weekly anchor\"}"},"zk_mode":"clear","zk_proof":null},"ledger":{"leaf_hash":"557293ff58397adbc8064f7b114cb6812bd2583f009015e376f8ca1520ead9d8","leaf_index":289032,"ledger_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl"},"merkle_proof":{"hash_alg":"sha256","leaf_prefix":"0x00","node_prefix":"0x01","odd_leaf_rule":"duplicate_last","path":[{"sibling":"f1df222bf6151b7299d3e71b70ee18a86f69a97e87c108f18b4ddef113e5744e","side":"right"},{"sibling":"bc1040282f1e0e5f9405c8189d0e13e3e51bd4968e540661835c1a8d28b256cc","side":"right"},{"sibling":"e55cbf3003e203c099c6cc9ec7b414bea8f6c62979ace9aa33a06ccc52274e3a","side":"right"},{"sibling":"3b7a495896862649ead2f104dc23701c1381564d7d6b3a1fd6f29d72326e2ef6","side":"left"},{"sibling":"939b796ebb43e1659943bd0a95c64186e25fe25719edbf840a7932e8a393179b","side":"right"},{"sibling":"e924b69c50c87915e35c49c68162276635ed10e79f8c56b2fb86e53e0967805f","side":"right"},{"sibling":"c3e53593f0d15a00effd5c8c5a5e631e06f64f32896f73801edae507488da3ab","side":"right"},{"sibling":"3b53d97c225577b0a2d53eeb1ca093f0c3441edf0f64e622c325f18db4fae31c","side":"right"},{"sibling":"35d3e8088ee93171aa479055dcd001cfb6d23925114ddc0908531e54298b0d29","side":"left"},{"sibling":"841129c21a7583176cdc7de281cadfe0e00d04673461e199760cd5128d8cc2d5","side":"right"},{"sibling":"19d6dfd29bc47f35fa02e8fe765277ba9cc3e6da5072309f24ebaac5b5f295e3","side":"right"},{"sibling":"8e0ad7889eb2d4b40e5b6c3d8e2eb19d4e202374983f468aa76321823de07a9f","side":"left"},{"sibling":"aae716235efcb893a1f219dbcd5095070d08a497769fc6d50c14976aa26d5750","side":"right"},{"sibling":"a75ab4319e241beeddb1b3f5705febe0422937926c3479923ccfb0b0082fa4e3","side":"left"},{"sibling":"bd04fa605f883bfb2b81510d045b1e85e555a03da3be083619f61384dfe40ff8","side":"left"},{"sibling":"1b72ad8d12164fdf329e7871711be99d8569d140b21f94056e6962da21da9ce1","side":"right"},{"sibling":"5f5109c2bfdcc7a7e70554bba25862e2d7ce86b6b0cd48a72eb66d2eb735f321","side":"right"},{"sibling":"05fd8a05dddb2e7f72bbb5b290ca55c378f1aed709f132277908d9a5f30eb605","side":"right"},{"sibling":"1cecb7f447febd025aac272837c80de218aecc6485d2395a509b2a1f1b9c746e","side":"left"}]},"schema":"crovia.axiom_proof.v1","seal":{"first_collector_run_id":"","first_receipt_hash":"","jsonl_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl","key_id":"430895f101d38164","last_collector_run_id":"","last_receipt_hash":"","leaf_count":289613,"merkle_root":"dc428b9d9ba248d4f93f63147bf7c700bf5be7f500cec6c3507b9df6e9401601","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","run_id":"hourly_json_retrofit_20260707T053701Z","schema":"crovia.seal.v1","seal_family_version":"crovia-seal-family/1","seal_kind":"substrate_batch","sealed_at":"2026-07-07T05:38:15Z","sig_algorithm":"ed25519","signature":"c468b0e183383ab71992be40bda451093e6cd8cd8efb0d26f68e135a804b287c209d12a0f4fdd95c69c835c04b78df8cb1903dee1f53d4730b36f5332a29fe05","signer_version":"1.1.0"},"trust_root":{"key_id":"430895f101d38164","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","signature_algorithm":"ed25519","url":"/registry/canon/TRUST_ROOT.md"},"verifier":{"spec":"/registry/canon/AXIOM_RECEIPT_v1.md","url":"/v/axm_5c3ab65284e655ac3517b482cc2519cbec3530c99cd78ad371246f9ae8a406d5"}}