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However, the representation of avoidance is less clear. A common convention is to express ``avoid $G$'' as the goal sentence ``$\\neg G!$'', but this notation conflates two different readings: pursuing the negated event $\\neg G$, and avoiding the positive event $G$. This paper shows that the conflation can produce a paradoxical case in which an avoidance intention is converted into a positive goal to act merely because acting is usually followed by the absence of hurt. Starting from NAL's basic definition of goals, the framework is extended with a corresponding definition of anti-goals, so that avoidance can be represented without treating it as the pursuit of a negated event. Finally, a mental operation, $\\op{prevent}$, is introduced to connect anti-goal reasoning with ordina","title":"Anti-Goal Reasoning: Rethinking the Theory of Goal Reasoning in Non-Axiomatic Logic","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.20902","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"summary":"arXiv:2607.20902v1 Announce Type: cross \nAbstract: Goal reasoning in Non-Axiomatic Logic (NAL) explains how an adaptive system derives means for realizing desired events under insufficient knowledge and resources. However, the representation of avoidance is less clear. A common convention is to express ``avoid $G$'' as the goal sentence ``$\\neg G!$'', but this notation conflates two different readings: pursuing the negated event $\\neg G$, and avoiding the positive event $G$. This paper shows that the conflation can produce a paradoxical case in which an avoidance intention is converted into a positive goal to act merely because acting is usually followed by the absence of hurt. Starting from NAL's basic definition of goals, the framework is extended with a corresponding definition of anti-goals, so that avoidance can be represented without treating it as the pursuit of a negated event. Finally, a mental operation, $\\op{prevent}$, is introduced to connect anti-goal reasoning with ordina","title":"Anti-Goal Reasoning: Rethinking the Theory of Goal Reasoning in Non-Axiomatic Logic","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"confidence":{"method":"deterministic"},"decision":"POSITIVE","issued_at":"2026-07-24T04:43:08Z","notes":"Spider vendor_press (news) news.vendor_press.v1","object":{"captured_by":"crovia.spider.vendor_press","primary_source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.20902"},"predecessors":[],"schema":"crovia.axiom.v1","signature":"ed25519:081d0916a9167ac1daa3a7052d8b074405072ae0c6c51284f84bddc158a6a8eaf11c67755d4cfc8492413b7454a9f45ce4583cbba75a4329073f764afe4bca0f","signer":"crovia.substrate","subject":{"observed_at":"2026-07-24T04:43:08Z","source_collector":"spider:vendor_press","target_id":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.20902"},"tsa":{"authority":"crovia.substrate.bootstrap","rfc3161_token":"{\"kind\":\"crovia.bootstrap.tsa\",\"source_jsonl\":\"/opt/crovia/spider/data/news/vendor_press_v1.jsonl\",\"source_seal_merkle_root\":\"spider_vendor_press_v1\",\"upgrade_path\":\"Sessione H \\u2014 OpenTimestamps weekly anchor\"}"},"zk_mode":"clear","zk_proof":null},"ledger":{"leaf_hash":"c71dca86ce04a8e7b0012e7c13e2053ce1d6c39d6487f8b0554386b99fd17d2b","leaf_index":347144,"ledger_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl"},"merkle_proof":{"hash_alg":"sha256","leaf_prefix":"0x00","node_prefix":"0x01","odd_leaf_rule":"duplicate_last","path":[{"sibling":"e51e0336af35d0d36984a9a74a5f2aff9de9f8e6ebedf4869f5d31e638acbc5d","side":"right"},{"sibling":"bbbf4f039c47de66529d524303ed4f330eca3335f90a4c83f5f885d933b3f7b1","side":"right"},{"sibling":"9150088fded46dcd83d294986dedd7958d761fd60459a2dcdb7362d71794552f","side":"right"},{"sibling":"e561fcb5e4badab02bfbc10212cf5cf09f625a1dec6174db58e93fbc0c147e71","side":"left"},{"sibling":"77f024840bcbce32d8754b6f8043a4ff3cebc0c4f10b635793e29afd0315eb63","side":"right"},{"sibling":"b6debb6f2e4bf22e2169ef83d8bddaa57a78351013d058637030f185562dd879","side":"right"},{"sibling":"174e185d067a50aecc913edd90ba49fd072a31a09e0b3a18c0687f362c61e57b","side":"right"},{"sibling":"aa4b293ba10895bb7f8b28f0f04360b53a8fc5a7523d9a560dbb7b29d003643e","side":"right"},{"sibling":"759f431c97765cb7fb12d38ee64fd6a87076abf1b63c87d7c8c172d57b29084d","side":"right"},{"sibling":"b9cb83ecb59812b3b9270c365951fa79dead288c3923b6cf1f83ffb911b27405","side":"right"},{"sibling":"e6c9083cd0939b38f691f619de2054068654e9c77f7c7ab051e0d48b77339e5d","side":"left"},{"sibling":"d3139af8c5ce235438e1c69e4b7afa44ba09129fd86674968434f23e546f423e","side":"left"},{"sibling":"cb89775a838ee16d10fc8da3213420c2012b4d96e8d55cd49939b0887a4b92d3","side":"right"},{"sibling":"252d30ea8052c3bb6b40bc5cc29fc9b9725343d212f84c08fbbae4215a125b00","side":"right"},{"sibling":"f3e45bceed774d2402fa45d41ff5190f295823bd2f216eb90157884150034693","side":"left"},{"sibling":"3cfa2102c0224815c6f3bf73e6710e24103f43f7bf5da1ca2abad1416d9c0890","side":"right"},{"sibling":"77025bcb374a7ad74f520643e20a8ae1205a7ee78507b0beb93117760f1c29d3","side":"left"},{"sibling":"e871fd7edf9b2ad89bce1609a028f5225eea4d14372169bac242420830f86530","side":"right"},{"sibling":"1cecb7f447febd025aac272837c80de218aecc6485d2395a509b2a1f1b9c746e","side":"left"}]},"schema":"crovia.axiom_proof.v1","seal":{"first_collector_run_id":"","first_receipt_hash":"","jsonl_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl","key_id":"430895f101d38164","last_collector_run_id":"","last_receipt_hash":"","leaf_count":347413,"merkle_root":"9efe042c5dd6583dfd3b6a58fbfc289807f60bcf2bd2927f10488a54a8ba11fc","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","run_id":"hourly_json_retrofit_20260724T053701Z","schema":"crovia.seal.v1","seal_family_version":"crovia-seal-family/1","seal_kind":"substrate_batch","sealed_at":"2026-07-24T05:38:42Z","sig_algorithm":"ed25519","signature":"8633c55f558d42994850505218b2862c6134bad2b1c80d4b80736c2fd3ea7a19690ca3498727a8adbdc47791176128a8d64bef0883b888db809f0477355bd00c","signer_version":"1.1.0"},"trust_root":{"key_id":"430895f101d38164","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","signature_algorithm":"ed25519","url":"/registry/canon/TRUST_ROOT.md"},"verifier":{"spec":"/registry/canon/AXIOM_RECEIPT_v1.md","url":"/v/axm_5eb5a1cb7ded03617895d4c52422fb6d3d905af94a4bab73a92f207df0b3e8ff"}}