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Full-reference metrics reward copy-paste behaviors over genuine erasure; no-reference metrics suffer from systematic biases such as favoring blurry results; and global temporal metrics are insensitive to localized artifacts within edited regions. To address these limitations, we propose RC (Removal Coherence), a pair of perception-aligned metrics: RC-S, which measures spatial coherence via sliding-window feature comparison between masked and background regions, and RC-T, which measures temporal consistency via distribution tracking within shared restored regions across adjacent frames. To validate RC and support community benchmarking, we further introduce PROVE-Bench, a two-tier real-world benchmark comprising PROVE-M, an 80-video paired dataset with motion augme","title":"PROVE: A Perceptual RemOVal cohErence Benchmark for Visual Media","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.14534","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"summary":"arXiv:2605.14534v1 Announce Type: cross \nAbstract: Evaluating object removal in images and videos remains challenging because the task is inherently one-to-many, yet existing metrics frequently disagree with human perception. Full-reference metrics reward copy-paste behaviors over genuine erasure; no-reference metrics suffer from systematic biases such as favoring blurry results; and global temporal metrics are insensitive to localized artifacts within edited regions. To address these limitations, we propose RC (Removal Coherence), a pair of perception-aligned metrics: RC-S, which measures spatial coherence via sliding-window feature comparison between masked and background regions, and RC-T, which measures temporal consistency via distribution tracking within shared restored regions across adjacent frames. To validate RC and support community benchmarking, we further introduce PROVE-Bench, a two-tier real-world benchmark comprising PROVE-M, an 80-video paired dataset with motion augme","title":"PROVE: A Perceptual RemOVal cohErence Benchmark for Visual Media","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"confidence":{"method":"deterministic"},"decision":"POSITIVE","issued_at":"2026-05-15T04:43:17Z","notes":"Spider vendor_press (news) news.vendor_press.v1","object":{"captured_by":"crovia.spider.vendor_press","primary_source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.14534"},"predecessors":[],"schema":"crovia.axiom.v1","signature":"ed25519:b625f4688017fad09eb3110e311a8d8038cdb837a56daa2899ab1ce4c0b409086674d07d0d843060088c80d115333647b4f09b1d3b0c6b1cd4375f70f1acea09","signer":"crovia.substrate","subject":{"observed_at":"2026-05-15T04:43:17Z","source_collector":"spider:vendor_press","target_id":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.14534"},"tsa":{"authority":"crovia.substrate.bootstrap","rfc3161_token":"{\"kind\":\"crovia.bootstrap.tsa\",\"source_jsonl\":\"/opt/crovia/spider/data/news/vendor_press_v1.jsonl\",\"source_seal_merkle_root\":\"spider_vendor_press_v1\",\"upgrade_path\":\"Sessione H \\u2014 OpenTimestamps weekly anchor\"}"},"zk_mode":"clear","zk_proof":null},"ledger":{"leaf_hash":"4804271145edca90ad7001f7e392639aa17e434da7aa564b3071889189e27465","leaf_index":134593,"ledger_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl"},"merkle_proof":{"hash_alg":"sha256","leaf_prefix":"0x00","node_prefix":"0x01","odd_leaf_rule":"duplicate_last","path":[{"sibling":"02aafc181085f94e8680b13768626554d6ae4e786c29aa60295188d67a4e3754","side":"left"},{"sibling":"d2c43a62143cde4b60448dcfe082b4ab0461d08ac21c6a41870784939e7ac6cb","side":"right"},{"sibling":"496496acc670a9afcd32976b6407c860c7c1474a7289a1ea46d6baad1bbee425","side":"right"},{"sibling":"88159c1386fa806c179e984e0b1591a6c7591284a5780339097111c69dcfbbee","side":"right"},{"sibling":"c25fca3fdc7b43cc1b9b68e9cc533eacfcee1be7ce7d41bbf4f3ba8f780f260a","side":"right"},{"sibling":"636fee4d0f144f323e8d0d1097a7ed5fb4d85b2abd937d083f00f3c129363b39","side":"right"},{"sibling":"46f96cb7883dcb2712dad253af0583c5b367609f9717fd33426973df576e51f6","side":"left"},{"sibling":"cbbed0225164fe227925f0fc2929e9ecbc520f5a86b19035c412206d51935e10","side":"left"},{"sibling":"4711a7f4329f1874c3aa1ae93c336e1d4fa402bdd4b3d766c2a95304ea226882","side":"left"},{"sibling":"8ce2a4687a8ceb409df2e1cb10e44a610b21dc294e518a8550b6d1122335ca2b","side":"right"},{"sibling":"36672459e5ed50c64ee1842b69cb6d2eb682c2a04844555be8d124257571994a","side":"left"},{"sibling":"727783827652adfa99c455bd80a01bfb33836228e51068b4f654ef3da468ca69","side":"left"},{"sibling":"623194cd30880ed223e306737fdb111aa0d781751bfc47553c404a6af6aad2c4","side":"right"},{"sibling":"fc8f53ed42756907fb79ee19a4ed09f72c560e5302b3d98198b96bf1da635a4a","side":"right"},{"sibling":"d6607539da7ba39ec68be2d12f27ed6768766c745e3120fd915f88c5e288e07c","side":"right"},{"sibling":"b63408a424d27cd6a75e0fb155e69a58a328f41e9cb9dba1eddef9a5289cc7fd","side":"right"},{"sibling":"356fb36a4e188f03d7a05c54cd8789bdd40eda454b9bc9560f667acc08e6c4e0","side":"right"},{"sibling":"d841ad93efda0869e5eb97678f348f03f5caab4353e05ff4bf18f47fb945b822","side":"left"}]},"schema":"crovia.axiom_proof.v1","seal":{"first_collector_run_id":"","first_receipt_hash":"","jsonl_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl","key_id":"430895f101d38164","last_collector_run_id":"","last_receipt_hash":"","leaf_count":134886,"merkle_root":"c6c7ae28c065bced89e7f844216b073f1a7cc4b378db0d41a98bcd21b28066db","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","run_id":"hourly_json_retrofit_20260515T053701Z","schema":"crovia.seal.v1","seal_family_version":"crovia-seal-family/1","seal_kind":"substrate_batch","sealed_at":"2026-05-15T05:37:26Z","sig_algorithm":"ed25519","signature":"5a3978c26017daf4104adbb3e1c3099c5750157acbfc7242ece1815dc6740fe08a690291ce0afe42011e20cc565b5ebe64ec016bf658b5bab563a63337985c05","signer_version":"1.1.0"},"trust_root":{"key_id":"430895f101d38164","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","signature_algorithm":"ed25519","url":"/registry/canon/TRUST_ROOT.md"},"verifier":{"spec":"/registry/canon/AXIOM_RECEIPT_v1.md","url":"/v/axm_633567e7bdfa38bb5895cdb41a967f0210a52805cf1c4079dc903eba4294ea34"}}