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At each time slot, a new batch of training data arrives, and the controller is faced with two options: either use the data to fine-tune the model and incur a compute cost, or do not fine-tune the model and discard the data. After the decision, the performance of the current model is measured in terms of an application-specific performance metric such as classification accuracy. Our objective is to learn an optimal policy that determines \\emph{when to fine-tune the model} on a single task (e.g., sentiment analysis), under a finite compute budget. 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Our objective is to learn an optimal policy that determines \\emph{when to fine-tune the model} on a single task (e.g., sentiment analysis), under a finite compute budget. We formulate this online decision-making problem as a constrained Markov Decision Process, where the system state captures three essential aspects: (\\textit{i}) model's performance, (\\textit{ii}) computational budget, and (\\textit{iii}) data distribution relevance to h","title":"Learning to Fine-tune Foundation Models under Resource Limitations","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"confidence":{"method":"deterministic"},"decision":"POSITIVE","issued_at":"2026-07-14T04:43:37Z","notes":"Spider vendor_press (news) news.vendor_press.v1","object":{"captured_by":"crovia.spider.vendor_press","primary_source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.10694"},"predecessors":[],"schema":"crovia.axiom.v1","signature":"ed25519:a44fcf8ee7fa1cfc472b607b99ba2bccaa0fa761b55f4c23d6ee47eacd3e11e3d2111acfe07948511c5f680b43880b9b079d2bb19d866992c4a54d253062320e","signer":"crovia.substrate","subject":{"observed_at":"2026-07-14T04:43:37Z","source_collector":"spider:vendor_press","target_id":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.10694"},"tsa":{"authority":"crovia.substrate.bootstrap","rfc3161_token":"{\"kind\":\"crovia.bootstrap.tsa\",\"source_jsonl\":\"/opt/crovia/spider/data/news/vendor_press_v1.jsonl\",\"source_seal_merkle_root\":\"spider_vendor_press_v1\",\"upgrade_path\":\"Sessione H \\u2014 OpenTimestamps weekly anchor\"}"},"zk_mode":"clear","zk_proof":null},"ledger":{"leaf_hash":"9bbae939a08b33246139491c35c49538092707d92750b972b665c4e27106e573","leaf_index":313014,"ledger_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl"},"merkle_proof":{"hash_alg":"sha256","leaf_prefix":"0x00","node_prefix":"0x01","odd_leaf_rule":"duplicate_last","path":[{"sibling":"84a9f463c2091f4b70b480dfb31786f7daea5cd248e99545779f70a4e2f773b4","side":"right"},{"sibling":"7754ae3519e9e36a9e8348ef2b8e41e5e1aa344967976844af1409e9356ef29c","side":"left"},{"sibling":"0021b1eae144df61d1a1cca4adca9ad395003efca680db0a4d57e8397da9e973","side":"left"},{"sibling":"3059acbc86fd0f65e36a7452e9c7c958678924c8176cbf12915a7bfbc470c9cf","side":"right"},{"sibling":"eb8848ac5ec04f78a47dcfca38afce7f8ccefed0c18e8cd55e27a66de47f39de","side":"left"},{"sibling":"2c65621f2fe68b76e3f113f44cb80ced97ee01b892b9c67dc9267c7a13fd281a","side":"left"},{"sibling":"77158939eae924bcec6e3a79adbe847f8d8264ba44fc508491982dfcda972764","side":"right"},{"sibling":"018f1c17268dcf6ba6107e8d52410ad70a49124aa289c7dcb4ed6c05713b1cf0","side":"left"},{"sibling":"ca17e703a3fca19bfbb090cbed9e2450594a9c237665dd9a566195d3ef3072f7","side":"right"},{"sibling":"8393dc03644000353c5d503b6ec261c022cd2aa85a649223916153bc8af2dc75","side":"left"},{"sibling":"1627ce6908965f2e5fbc7c16bc8e247867478c587014561d0de1359dc2dc0afc","side":"left"},{"sibling":"74e1ba9fd48bdd0f52777dd5b56c10706e73f42629013748eca13ef113cd59db","side":"right"},{"sibling":"682fd39539db5bce908d0ab6f180374728fed6b34a9a8c87c7b4eb5a726e30b8","side":"right"},{"sibling":"184927f71d667ac0c6ebeadb33394626973738b9107c6dc3c0c4949b44acf295","side":"right"},{"sibling":"f302542c38ba7c3aab7c9280dd60259ecec777dca6e6f71b6f0729b0b8791b72","side":"left"},{"sibling":"d8b9143917b539c543cf4448cec00131f8b807bd8004979c54ebe09798748c66","side":"left"},{"sibling":"c4c189d79669979b59d9aa976ee249c54a7e065b4a05bf49463459cc7f37428e","side":"right"},{"sibling":"19475e206bdf2698769a286db2c97c4d3f089741319f9b29a139038c6e511975","side":"right"},{"sibling":"1cecb7f447febd025aac272837c80de218aecc6485d2395a509b2a1f1b9c746e","side":"left"}]},"schema":"crovia.axiom_proof.v1","seal":{"first_collector_run_id":"","first_receipt_hash":"","jsonl_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl","key_id":"430895f101d38164","last_collector_run_id":"","last_receipt_hash":"","leaf_count":313381,"merkle_root":"5f7d48580373d0ab0bc6bdf34f26de442f9a86d130946f7ee45addd1a55cb9f4","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","run_id":"hourly_json_retrofit_20260714T053701Z","schema":"crovia.seal.v1","seal_family_version":"crovia-seal-family/1","seal_kind":"substrate_batch","sealed_at":"2026-07-14T05:38:23Z","sig_algorithm":"ed25519","signature":"97364224142ed1b2a8925fed1bfba2e0a8a6a15f8ca0999b934846ad83584a78c7f0f5cd09dbc1c938b35383fcc5c8fa4b723118e30916628879d1c5fd3a9908","signer_version":"1.1.0"},"trust_root":{"key_id":"430895f101d38164","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","signature_algorithm":"ed25519","url":"/registry/canon/TRUST_ROOT.md"},"verifier":{"spec":"/registry/canon/AXIOM_RECEIPT_v1.md","url":"/v/axm_66ffbc00ce3e03665c244708a16e7f7e32fa241bd752f742c331d411e189d10a"}}