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Production systems now combine disaggregated execution, complex parallelism, runtime optimizations, and stateful workloads such as reasoning, agents, and RL rollouts. Simulation is attractive for exploring this growing design space, yet existing simulators lack the architectural completeness and decision-grade fidelity it demands. Their monolithic-replica abstractions are ill-suited to disaggregated serving, while average-case analytical proxies can distort SLA predictions and even reverse optimization conclusions.\n  We present Frontier, a discrete-event simulator for modern LLM inference serving. Frontier features a disaggregated abstraction. It captures the structure and dynamics of modern serving systems by modeling co-location, Prefill-Decode Disaggregation (PDD), and Attention-FFN Disaggregation (AFD) with role-specific cluster workers, incorporating key runtime optimizati","title":"Frontier: Towards Comprehensive and Accurate LLM Inference Simulation","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.21312","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"summary":"arXiv:2605.21312v1 Announce Type: cross \nAbstract: Modern LLM serving is no longer homogeneous or monolithic. Production systems now combine disaggregated execution, complex parallelism, runtime optimizations, and stateful workloads such as reasoning, agents, and RL rollouts. Simulation is attractive for exploring this growing design space, yet existing simulators lack the architectural completeness and decision-grade fidelity it demands. 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It captures the structure and dynamics of modern serving systems by modeling co-location, Prefill-Decode Disaggregation (PDD), and Attention-FFN Disaggregation (AFD) with role-specific cluster workers, incorporating key runtime optimizati","title":"Frontier: Towards Comprehensive and Accurate LLM Inference Simulation","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"confidence":{"method":"deterministic"},"decision":"POSITIVE","issued_at":"2026-05-22T04:43:12Z","notes":"Spider vendor_press (news) news.vendor_press.v1","object":{"captured_by":"crovia.spider.vendor_press","primary_source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.21312"},"predecessors":[],"schema":"crovia.axiom.v1","signature":"ed25519:a9891a3fe56fec63783cbbd5bc9696e5d179b2e8805ae14a76c737a48bfdf3b66d5136e74e4af99be4d145f0d96a8ecac9a11cc7d93712e89a47e9bcbfd44a00","signer":"crovia.substrate","subject":{"observed_at":"2026-05-22T04:43:12Z","source_collector":"spider:vendor_press","target_id":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.21312"},"tsa":{"authority":"crovia.substrate.bootstrap","rfc3161_token":"{\"kind\":\"crovia.bootstrap.tsa\",\"source_jsonl\":\"/opt/crovia/spider/data/news/vendor_press_v1.jsonl\",\"source_seal_merkle_root\":\"spider_vendor_press_v1\",\"upgrade_path\":\"Sessione H \\u2014 OpenTimestamps weekly anchor\"}"},"zk_mode":"clear","zk_proof":null},"ledger":{"leaf_hash":"196eb3ef717efa027056543ea9c721b7b47dc1ca6aa896856f4310c324c6d885","leaf_index":148335,"ledger_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl"},"merkle_proof":{"hash_alg":"sha256","leaf_prefix":"0x00","node_prefix":"0x01","odd_leaf_rule":"duplicate_last","path":[{"sibling":"8fb4b19d877eef2e84d1332cfeed37a11bce069e79e81d214d45ca32e59cbc2b","side":"left"},{"sibling":"6ba36d56baca77dfdd723f5ef0a1e8883c7ad28f873b275dda585aa71a368203","side":"left"},{"sibling":"162af7935153827c4eb3627a9e2c0f9cdea0afd52bde2723835d1abb703e606f","side":"left"},{"sibling":"d195b43cfebbc4991a979580fc17c6eba01c871316e93a43febfa732d8b3073d","side":"left"},{"sibling":"eed910228a77ed25a0bdd75b85a1196ad5a57dc8df40499978fe76ba9421a43a","side":"right"},{"sibling":"2c2791320244bc1d327acd0b38fb838ba83b8f5b6baf225017395169cd9b504f","side":"left"},{"sibling":"07df7b4096e4eead45265dbb811864684b1cfdd0b8a72b68a461d2c160055c07","side":"left"},{"sibling":"0fa191199f785899b5cc0f48838a3ffb2aa741ddcd9510fe1664869d36a8d31a","side":"right"},{"sibling":"e6aaada16cbe58b790855c6723700fd07821cc6df59048dc470d404b1ba60842","side":"left"},{"sibling":"d337a9fdcfc121e9691d8db9173af6a3fe0c33d4a6d5f0c8a7a01af04f9fb856","side":"left"},{"sibling":"8b39e07457f5cc5d687d2ae42284dbe705bb87084e7db4b626aff81e51dacd19","side":"right"},{"sibling":"79a713e1e345ccb99c5fe994a11708c8e9bcfa2e91f940d70421cb7d8d77ecc6","side":"right"},{"sibling":"249870fb494bef050c409081e5de45f9042938d7b2823524ee496f296aa63667","side":"right"},{"sibling":"96c48ee8328f1b7925a4cc4421df5cb0bd81c92a5d8354c93126fa5f0166d225","side":"right"},{"sibling":"35ca36cee447f0ef7064a25d55f59357c66901e31427729c4c1d8b14aa8adb6c","side":"left"},{"sibling":"4e13b4a3e69bb83d13913477a782913ce03937edd65046853c1964d3cbb6564b","side":"right"},{"sibling":"0f7b2df1c4580bf7bb7c24b9158ba20593a06af18a5f18d0973e5eff20c35cd8","side":"right"},{"sibling":"d841ad93efda0869e5eb97678f348f03f5caab4353e05ff4bf18f47fb945b822","side":"left"}]},"schema":"crovia.axiom_proof.v1","seal":{"first_collector_run_id":"","first_receipt_hash":"","jsonl_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl","key_id":"430895f101d38164","last_collector_run_id":"","last_receipt_hash":"","leaf_count":148601,"merkle_root":"44900cffd986f40535c83f46a250e86fbf1019d41f27080a00fbf9b8d77ec33a","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","run_id":"hourly_json_retrofit_20260524T133701Z","schema":"crovia.seal.v1","seal_family_version":"crovia-seal-family/1","seal_kind":"substrate_batch","sealed_at":"2026-05-24T13:37:32Z","sig_algorithm":"ed25519","signature":"059e428c3c5241de303721ad6ac7b748758372180f3f0a717810312aecd6fab073abb3ea264157666de581a2b361c4c6e2aa8ca081b08ce9be090721f0e3400e","signer_version":"1.1.0"},"trust_root":{"key_id":"430895f101d38164","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","signature_algorithm":"ed25519","url":"/registry/canon/TRUST_ROOT.md"},"verifier":{"spec":"/registry/canon/AXIOM_RECEIPT_v1.md","url":"/v/axm_6bdc1e2a091dadbfb24d3df4d8dbb2239e674559f3a2da5804e0bd6ac804480f"}}