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We develop the QQ equality into an audit criterion for sequential judgments of autoregressive large language models (LLMs). Theoretically, we characterize which mechanism classes satisfy it robustly: marginal-independent kernels satisfy QQ iff all four mismatch transition rates coincide (a class containing the 2D rank-1 projective model with a fixed measurement pair under state variation); a polarity- and position-dependent repetition family is characterized by an exact cross-symmetry condition with closed-form violations; QQ-satisfying behaviors are closed under order-matched mixing; and the rank-2 Contextuality-by-Default criterion translates into audit coordinates as $|\\qQQ|\\le\\OSS$, where $\\OSS$ (the order-sensitivity score) totals the order s","title":"Auditing Question-Order Effects in Large Language Models with the QQ Equality: Mechanism Characterization and a Saturation Caveat","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.17219","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"summary":"arXiv:2607.17219v1 Announce Type: cross \nAbstract: Human survey respondents exhibit question-order effects that satisfy the QQ (quantum question) equality, an a priori, parameter-free prediction of the projective quantum question-order model. We develop the QQ equality into an audit criterion for sequential judgments of autoregressive large language models (LLMs). Theoretically, we characterize which mechanism classes satisfy it robustly: marginal-independent kernels satisfy QQ iff all four mismatch transition rates coincide (a class containing the 2D rank-1 projective model with a fixed measurement pair under state variation); a polarity- and position-dependent repetition family is characterized by an exact cross-symmetry condition with closed-form violations; QQ-satisfying behaviors are closed under order-matched mixing; and the rank-2 Contextuality-by-Default criterion translates into audit coordinates as $|\\qQQ|\\le\\OSS$, where $\\OSS$ (the order-sensitivity score) totals the order s","title":"Auditing Question-Order Effects in Large Language Models with the QQ Equality: Mechanism Characterization and a Saturation Caveat","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"confidence":{"method":"deterministic"},"decision":"POSITIVE","issued_at":"2026-07-21T04:43:35Z","notes":"Spider vendor_press (news) news.vendor_press.v1","object":{"captured_by":"crovia.spider.vendor_press","primary_source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.17219"},"predecessors":[],"schema":"crovia.axiom.v1","signature":"ed25519:fa853056074ae89b6c2eaea7c30fe2249b5e4a5f52b276e212742a67a47591bf78be4fbc3259e01809317e3c8b7bb6dec2713cc45cdfc0d12d5969b0a1726a05","signer":"crovia.substrate","subject":{"observed_at":"2026-07-21T04:43:35Z","source_collector":"spider:vendor_press","target_id":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.17219"},"tsa":{"authority":"crovia.substrate.bootstrap","rfc3161_token":"{\"kind\":\"crovia.bootstrap.tsa\",\"source_jsonl\":\"/opt/crovia/spider/data/news/vendor_press_v1.jsonl\",\"source_seal_merkle_root\":\"spider_vendor_press_v1\",\"upgrade_path\":\"Sessione H \\u2014 OpenTimestamps weekly anchor\"}"},"zk_mode":"clear","zk_proof":null},"ledger":{"leaf_hash":"b2b3f5af883da8263f81a58a4fbc43d8636255e4387fb395a4974e0eb7b3f3b2","leaf_index":336752,"ledger_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl"},"merkle_proof":{"hash_alg":"sha256","leaf_prefix":"0x00","node_prefix":"0x01","odd_leaf_rule":"duplicate_last","path":[{"sibling":"64212091855affa3369baf7dd6d2151313e86ac50571e59f0ab9b91bb3bebb23","side":"right"},{"sibling":"13a35e0c983102c52fbb07050b73d86aeff650c080cf31131944001e4f006fc3","side":"right"},{"sibling":"e8126580a29890ad62b120d0399e240c4bf7d113a401144ce7f2b6ca176dd2db","side":"right"},{"sibling":"03924fd56777c5d4b398d0fd089f8462e463ec350338dfac3e2fd18de142b314","side":"right"},{"sibling":"4b2f046085c15f5820154e0594323133374b97562d1b8776f0b51650988bf0c6","side":"left"},{"sibling":"0f11a14b52dbd7ce194a8ec5a9532d618ad4ab1219f25bbd53b7eae1c8d17760","side":"left"},{"sibling":"c3453c4355287f8f6ea5b33a2f2d95f482fa4ede383b4407cc8d044e332ee8e5","side":"left"},{"sibling":"a4c41a614872a391d764732d35b746845ccfe3f2a51fe13e1f0e934d271e94f4","side":"right"},{"sibling":"bd233cee8c0876447824d86de33608c36e3a8e17dca0737155291ed768cf56d1","side":"left"},{"sibling":"7b927551b5db06b6571913b4e6792ffcce5291a3eca5a0df4a3b6e296271105f","side":"left"},{"sibling":"b77a0b5ae4607c8fe6ba73449d46b35076e3dedc0c82a2c65a05780d42a7bc2e","side":"right"},{"sibling":"9eb5077edfb3dc553857d4794b925bfce117e0f8a1d049af5d0dd9026b470eef","side":"right"},{"sibling":"414b1a70fd1dcb25489a194714b97492b066684b15d0b7a48a176c4b9b5bc713","side":"right"},{"sibling":"21d66dd41003813f710b7617944f1bfba3258658a5d3370c21cad8f9e945bc99","side":"left"},{"sibling":"613f015699131eb89bd755dee67133be95af25cf5f16c1c8ce4b99d963b8dd86","side":"right"},{"sibling":"a729b574b1135956436ded5eef1fe8f08014ff6a0729749d307ab1bca93fcdc9","side":"right"},{"sibling":"77025bcb374a7ad74f520643e20a8ae1205a7ee78507b0beb93117760f1c29d3","side":"left"},{"sibling":"4bf21052e085e8ac81f1dec1d2b310bd12bf948992de6177d12e9d2fda8d39f0","side":"right"},{"sibling":"1cecb7f447febd025aac272837c80de218aecc6485d2395a509b2a1f1b9c746e","side":"left"}]},"schema":"crovia.axiom_proof.v1","seal":{"first_collector_run_id":"","first_receipt_hash":"","jsonl_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl","key_id":"430895f101d38164","last_collector_run_id":"","last_receipt_hash":"","leaf_count":337144,"merkle_root":"5e969cc01afa67e4dbe5d37b712cdb10f4aa1fd74404e02eab724cf487c8d6d9","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","run_id":"hourly_json_retrofit_20260721T053701Z","schema":"crovia.seal.v1","seal_family_version":"crovia-seal-family/1","seal_kind":"substrate_batch","sealed_at":"2026-07-21T05:38:38Z","sig_algorithm":"ed25519","signature":"5c0c1a8dd2793d787ccd5e49e8b4d70eed136352555518589f05c74be357fc171702e42a76c3a556d90e3d51ff36cb3d292aaac83c66566de7b943f318bda50c","signer_version":"1.1.0"},"trust_root":{"key_id":"430895f101d38164","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","signature_algorithm":"ed25519","url":"/registry/canon/TRUST_ROOT.md"},"verifier":{"spec":"/registry/canon/AXIOM_RECEIPT_v1.md","url":"/v/axm_7a12288069bfa3dfa24911397ca72b2a7a3f4ba4e42a00d71d42d1d6e624e257"}}