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While sorting-based methods have reduced this burden to $O(n\\log n)$, they still require expensive human judgment for every single comparison. To further improve annotation efficiency, we propose leveraging a Vision-Language Model (VLM) not as an annotator replacement, but as a \\emph{question prioritizer} to identify which comparisons genuinely require human judgment. The proposed \\textbf{Surprise-Guided MergeSort (SGS)} framework achieves this through three integrated components: (1) a bottom-up MergeSort scheduler that structures comparisons and exploits transitivity, (2) a composite Surprise Scorer -- combining position-bias-cancelled VLM confidence, Elo gap, and vote entropy -- to quantify comparison ambiguity, and (3) an adaptive budget allocator that routes high-s","title":"Surprise-Guided MergeSort: Budget-Efficient Human-in-the-Loop Ranking via Adaptive Comparison Scheduling","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.15623","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"summary":"arXiv:2606.15623v4 Announce Type: replace-cross \nAbstract: Pairwise comparison is the gold standard for subjective ranking tasks; however, exhaustive annotation requires a massive number of human comparisons ($O(n^2)$). While sorting-based methods have reduced this burden to $O(n\\log n)$, they still require expensive human judgment for every single comparison. To further improve annotation efficiency, we propose leveraging a Vision-Language Model (VLM) not as an annotator replacement, but as a \\emph{question prioritizer} to identify which comparisons genuinely require human judgment. The proposed \\textbf{Surprise-Guided MergeSort (SGS)} framework achieves this through three integrated components: (1) a bottom-up MergeSort scheduler that structures comparisons and exploits transitivity, (2) a composite Surprise Scorer -- combining position-bias-cancelled VLM confidence, Elo gap, and vote entropy -- to quantify comparison ambiguity, and (3) an adaptive budget allocator that routes high-s","title":"Surprise-Guided MergeSort: Budget-Efficient Human-in-the-Loop Ranking via Adaptive Comparison Scheduling","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"confidence":{"method":"deterministic"},"decision":"POSITIVE","issued_at":"2026-06-30T04:43:04Z","notes":"Spider vendor_press (news) news.vendor_press.v1","object":{"captured_by":"crovia.spider.vendor_press","primary_source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.15623"},"predecessors":[],"schema":"crovia.axiom.v1","signature":"ed25519:c9e24080cca8e90c813bb5faf23612faf87cd6aeec070891db78feb492fa1dae814efd011577e8230164a5a2f8c423b1dde7d346007ff31e334febc8bf7e1802","signer":"crovia.substrate","subject":{"observed_at":"2026-06-30T04:43:04Z","source_collector":"spider:vendor_press","target_id":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.15623"},"tsa":{"authority":"crovia.substrate.bootstrap","rfc3161_token":"{\"kind\":\"crovia.bootstrap.tsa\",\"source_jsonl\":\"/opt/crovia/spider/data/news/vendor_press_v1.jsonl\",\"source_seal_merkle_root\":\"spider_vendor_press_v1\",\"upgrade_path\":\"Sessione H \\u2014 OpenTimestamps weekly anchor\"}"},"zk_mode":"clear","zk_proof":null},"ledger":{"leaf_hash":"dcc5bc4e50c891df97bc09cc4c60ed927f61ed1289dad4c332a16e7e0e900d98","leaf_index":265235,"ledger_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl"},"merkle_proof":{"hash_alg":"sha256","leaf_prefix":"0x00","node_prefix":"0x01","odd_leaf_rule":"duplicate_last","path":[{"sibling":"92616c25a4d101cca36828f192dd6504c874fcbaa99670ec8ed223fe0864fc3d","side":"left"},{"sibling":"849a09c8e61b9642e3dcfae6658eab418932f34c8c417fc196e4d12cc9b8037c","side":"left"},{"sibling":"5f78582b56d37b2926716739c4b319c8a335eb93a13ecdf62b53fa6b89bc0cc3","side":"right"},{"sibling":"4feddca5b808c46b7f3229716a7670b8e6fcb71cc4b8cccbd8d9cccafac9bc69","side":"right"},{"sibling":"6ef353e6b7056d8c2c01c777cf533698651b30b5f0e2028a344a98ce34d3ca49","side":"left"},{"sibling":"a495e190d223e69b24e0d5ad23a15e735fff86f2c73b282efad1181b007e3623","side":"right"},{"sibling":"ff273c8201c286328de95b4c3f7ad04c9fb005c67fda3de45c54b72f9f5db5b3","side":"right"},{"sibling":"3cde187de7516743e6cd60012ce336384e260530220514cdd49599ef710e14e5","side":"right"},{"sibling":"2da116eff026ee371a88b8eb1a0aeb87679b487f1fbf1623083121809f754234","side":"right"},{"sibling":"eef13ac8a36eb836ad77846f6ef08d9afa4dcc380a64b88c542b57231522db0a","side":"right"},{"sibling":"a2cf20d97c095bc4fa7c4f5bb4f2266dd953e3d733d7e185aa164763491b312c","side":"left"},{"sibling":"f9b4bed84fa6990c71ad2887c91bda183001f05f6b648f21d1273045a26b11fd","side":"left"},{"sibling":"173d2dc4b29ee04ea41d6d0ebc334c4bc2d46e7ee4230c94765413f24fb4bc42","side":"right"},{"sibling":"112461f7c0ec411116fb5c6c90fe95cea9d8f188b9fe08afe25a837ac02d0071","side":"right"},{"sibling":"ea9488204352c49db8f7daf05eefcd7628ecf9413830346674801a99d0654a94","side":"right"},{"sibling":"6261c13b9922cb657f10d1e5d36ec15d8771cf8766e36c61dcbffb7bed57e396","side":"right"},{"sibling":"fa19aa3faf287618b820bcfceebb366152ad521dd20ef9f51e977816663e448b","side":"right"},{"sibling":"c32f943406b62d1fc59b7f7e243492174c8e1caba8c8a2705f86c773315736e0","side":"right"},{"sibling":"1cecb7f447febd025aac272837c80de218aecc6485d2395a509b2a1f1b9c746e","side":"left"}]},"schema":"crovia.axiom_proof.v1","seal":{"first_collector_run_id":"","first_receipt_hash":"","jsonl_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl","key_id":"430895f101d38164","last_collector_run_id":"","last_receipt_hash":"","leaf_count":265374,"merkle_root":"9636001ecab173cb6af10dc7c71eb14585daa62f9c0a6f027046f05633156891","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","run_id":"hourly_json_retrofit_20260630T053701Z","schema":"crovia.seal.v1","seal_family_version":"crovia-seal-family/1","seal_kind":"substrate_batch","sealed_at":"2026-06-30T05:38:03Z","sig_algorithm":"ed25519","signature":"6d4b8fd9b9da856cbb5fba7540877c6a63fa18a5ec3eaf28dc4d6d1c64921c9c0565f8c95f4b7aec0e7744fd7754844f051baf863db708cad768765b416a7b0c","signer_version":"1.1.0"},"trust_root":{"key_id":"430895f101d38164","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","signature_algorithm":"ed25519","url":"/registry/canon/TRUST_ROOT.md"},"verifier":{"spec":"/registry/canon/AXIOM_RECEIPT_v1.md","url":"/v/axm_8681b892e34ea91d4912db3b5f58c66cc9ea2322495fc51efb9cf9c986ef2d93"}}