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In this work, we show how this logic is clarified by the function+ framework of artifact identity, which individuates AI systems by their intended function together with context-sensitive criteria of appropriate functioning, captured as \"AI trustworthiness.\" We further argue that the AIA does not provide an internal, auditable criterion for synchronic identity--when two AI systems at a given time should count as the same for regulatory purposes--and instead largely defers such sameness determinations to sectoral or harmonization instruments. function+ supplies ","title":"High-Risk AI Systems and the Problem of Identity in the European AI Act","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.23922","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"summary":"arXiv:2605.23922v2 Announce Type: replace-cross \nAbstract: The EU Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA) establishes a lifecycle governance regime for high-risk AI systems built around ex-ante conformity assessment, post-market monitoring, and re-assessment upon \"substantial modification.\" These obligations presuppose AI identity judgments: regulators and providers must decide when an updated system remains the same system over time. In this work, we show how this logic is clarified by the function+ framework of artifact identity, which individuates AI systems by their intended function together with context-sensitive criteria of appropriate functioning, captured as \"AI trustworthiness.\" We further argue that the AIA does not provide an internal, auditable criterion for synchronic identity--when two AI systems at a given time should count as the same for regulatory purposes--and instead largely defers such sameness determinations to sectoral or harmonization instruments. function+ supplies ","title":"High-Risk AI Systems and the Problem of Identity in the European AI Act","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"confidence":{"method":"deterministic"},"decision":"POSITIVE","issued_at":"2026-06-30T04:43:04Z","notes":"Spider vendor_press (news) news.vendor_press.v1","object":{"captured_by":"crovia.spider.vendor_press","primary_source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.23922"},"predecessors":[],"schema":"crovia.axiom.v1","signature":"ed25519:599b61cde4a8d692a33b169d3c69fc5d7f2cf42c2f57f72637644fb616bb2b77d368e1b3fd29de6cb4e2c00127f41269e95aadbe76404198428278571aace30d","signer":"crovia.substrate","subject":{"observed_at":"2026-06-30T04:43:04Z","source_collector":"spider:vendor_press","target_id":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.23922"},"tsa":{"authority":"crovia.substrate.bootstrap","rfc3161_token":"{\"kind\":\"crovia.bootstrap.tsa\",\"source_jsonl\":\"/opt/crovia/spider/data/news/vendor_press_v1.jsonl\",\"source_seal_merkle_root\":\"spider_vendor_press_v1\",\"upgrade_path\":\"Sessione H \\u2014 OpenTimestamps weekly anchor\"}"},"zk_mode":"clear","zk_proof":null},"ledger":{"leaf_hash":"65b31f63e4de131e05c4151c887a19de1471b53bee3d9b48a0c805c7767737ec","leaf_index":265209,"ledger_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl"},"merkle_proof":{"hash_alg":"sha256","leaf_prefix":"0x00","node_prefix":"0x01","odd_leaf_rule":"duplicate_last","path":[{"sibling":"820c9075b4888e71974dbe28cb691ff99e16f7f2805f9dbeb16c1359b6a659f4","side":"left"},{"sibling":"643c337ac8bd196c87fa81e67affab767bfe75e61977ae834c77879c897e7cc9","side":"right"},{"sibling":"85c647c4416d7a1ea750f0f8996db7a5307f53a3311340ce325e821d6e234fe7","side":"right"},{"sibling":"3f611c237dafd87702879da9ec5e5926114a3f1d0d942cb4f60ad801b6239320","side":"left"},{"sibling":"d7d9c084bcdb2899aa3115a2f475aa0ec5d756c37a157a8527db22fcda27d6bb","side":"left"},{"sibling":"1cc27226de3758c1c362adab110f1588ea4b17bdb628e4bbb52505c3f0e92fba","side":"left"},{"sibling":"5289e8ce54e43e43a6993c090a3cf97c23f76dc4d3199096b65fcfa71cb4cf7e","side":"left"},{"sibling":"10a48a93a0ff0e4d8f47e9a90582ecaf28e7ec0eb7e47a52bf101e3640d950f9","side":"left"},{"sibling":"3f337e26f1a0c4c64b8b7ebac04427325a7e7838c802c162576de1cd617b91ce","side":"left"},{"sibling":"1549a8883ab3267f958dc2624919e40c65c82958b8005967ed6a4da1247da0ad","side":"left"},{"sibling":"23994bf0974e5c9c7f63a61b4f0a48b0ca756a4adc34a8f85f878e774c37dfbe","side":"right"},{"sibling":"f9b4bed84fa6990c71ad2887c91bda183001f05f6b648f21d1273045a26b11fd","side":"left"},{"sibling":"173d2dc4b29ee04ea41d6d0ebc334c4bc2d46e7ee4230c94765413f24fb4bc42","side":"right"},{"sibling":"112461f7c0ec411116fb5c6c90fe95cea9d8f188b9fe08afe25a837ac02d0071","side":"right"},{"sibling":"ea9488204352c49db8f7daf05eefcd7628ecf9413830346674801a99d0654a94","side":"right"},{"sibling":"6261c13b9922cb657f10d1e5d36ec15d8771cf8766e36c61dcbffb7bed57e396","side":"right"},{"sibling":"fa19aa3faf287618b820bcfceebb366152ad521dd20ef9f51e977816663e448b","side":"right"},{"sibling":"c32f943406b62d1fc59b7f7e243492174c8e1caba8c8a2705f86c773315736e0","side":"right"},{"sibling":"1cecb7f447febd025aac272837c80de218aecc6485d2395a509b2a1f1b9c746e","side":"left"}]},"schema":"crovia.axiom_proof.v1","seal":{"first_collector_run_id":"","first_receipt_hash":"","jsonl_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl","key_id":"430895f101d38164","last_collector_run_id":"","last_receipt_hash":"","leaf_count":265374,"merkle_root":"9636001ecab173cb6af10dc7c71eb14585daa62f9c0a6f027046f05633156891","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","run_id":"hourly_json_retrofit_20260630T053701Z","schema":"crovia.seal.v1","seal_family_version":"crovia-seal-family/1","seal_kind":"substrate_batch","sealed_at":"2026-06-30T05:38:03Z","sig_algorithm":"ed25519","signature":"6d4b8fd9b9da856cbb5fba7540877c6a63fa18a5ec3eaf28dc4d6d1c64921c9c0565f8c95f4b7aec0e7744fd7754844f051baf863db708cad768765b416a7b0c","signer_version":"1.1.0"},"trust_root":{"key_id":"430895f101d38164","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","signature_algorithm":"ed25519","url":"/registry/canon/TRUST_ROOT.md"},"verifier":{"spec":"/registry/canon/AXIOM_RECEIPT_v1.md","url":"/v/axm_894b34c08509dbfacb649cf1ffc3c815720b1988e7db04c8756cf3caa85da216"}}