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Existing explanations often focus on surface signals, such as lexical matches, token alignments, or post-hoc textual rationales, and thus provide limited insight into the latent factors that shape dense retrieval behavior at the embedding level. We propose \\textit{Xetrieval}, an embedding-level mechanistic framework for explaining dense retrieval. \\textit{Xetrieval} first introduces a lightweight reasoning internalizer that approximates Chain-of-Thought reasoning directly in the embedding space with a single forward pass, enriching sentence embeddings with reasoning-oriented information while avoiding expensive autoregressive generation. It then decomposes these reasoning-enhanced embeddings into sparse, human-interpretable features, each associated with a coherent natural langu","title":"Xetrieval: Mechanistically Explaining Dense Retrieval","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.29507","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"summary":"arXiv:2605.29507v1 Announce Type: new \nAbstract: Explaining why dense retrievers assign high relevance scores remains challenging because retrieval decisions are made through opaque high-dimensional embeddings. Existing explanations often focus on surface signals, such as lexical matches, token alignments, or post-hoc textual rationales, and thus provide limited insight into the latent factors that shape dense retrieval behavior at the embedding level. We propose \\textit{Xetrieval}, an embedding-level mechanistic framework for explaining dense retrieval. \\textit{Xetrieval} first introduces a lightweight reasoning internalizer that approximates Chain-of-Thought reasoning directly in the embedding space with a single forward pass, enriching sentence embeddings with reasoning-oriented information while avoiding expensive autoregressive generation. It then decomposes these reasoning-enhanced embeddings into sparse, human-interpretable features, each associated with a coherent natural langu","title":"Xetrieval: Mechanistically Explaining Dense Retrieval","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"confidence":{"method":"deterministic"},"decision":"POSITIVE","issued_at":"2026-05-29T04:43:58Z","notes":"Spider vendor_press (news) news.vendor_press.v1","object":{"captured_by":"crovia.spider.vendor_press","primary_source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.29507"},"predecessors":[],"schema":"crovia.axiom.v1","signature":"ed25519:352079c8e480aa23fc3064f7f664d087544f823a53707b13061ae09d22e557a7a43798874d39b8d2415ec895993095c783a87552a8d38e32cb5c1c2353d0d60a","signer":"crovia.substrate","subject":{"observed_at":"2026-05-29T04:43:58Z","source_collector":"spider:vendor_press","target_id":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.29507"},"tsa":{"authority":"crovia.substrate.bootstrap","rfc3161_token":"{\"kind\":\"crovia.bootstrap.tsa\",\"source_jsonl\":\"/opt/crovia/spider/data/news/vendor_press_v1.jsonl\",\"source_seal_merkle_root\":\"spider_vendor_press_v1\",\"upgrade_path\":\"Sessione H \\u2014 OpenTimestamps weekly anchor\"}"},"zk_mode":"clear","zk_proof":null},"ledger":{"leaf_hash":"f684500b91eca20f3f1cf4168d68acbe63147aea6252df7f8e6ec549d6043a0b","leaf_index":157699,"ledger_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl"},"merkle_proof":{"hash_alg":"sha256","leaf_prefix":"0x00","node_prefix":"0x01","odd_leaf_rule":"duplicate_last","path":[{"sibling":"48165565a00ac338a39a7ac41d2fd9c50fe130841cd3977e996ce1f849e14857","side":"left"},{"sibling":"de397fbe2decc7c4cdb50b977197f5238b245b0881f8a285dff6d173f21572dd","side":"left"},{"sibling":"218a2bb51c12a711fe148fe5ff05d08f0e243ee891841f2f9c57b74d8be05606","side":"right"},{"sibling":"77bd0e1e15f3fdcd24c94d63f9b3c0420948afa2df26c3230b3014545de110f3","side":"right"},{"sibling":"f4a8c126cee8e5c9d87ec2d6495bb2a2f480239a62524be45053b1bee039f4c8","side":"right"},{"sibling":"b98e20005cf8ad6dd845156c16a24c6db5007320a4d5052dcdbbe399f2df7236","side":"right"},{"sibling":"0e74ffcfa102751968e95a2e23b999bca0c92fd239e3531e021116ee391cd184","side":"right"},{"sibling":"85dd98b6b813fff84d9d7c892cf52e58d31740ddc1a693741a96ae274811f1ea","side":"right"},{"sibling":"291a37d6414d385e45486ef4725ce7087043d900d04f90b309d04bd876c338e5","side":"right"},{"sibling":"1dcc44e23fbb0218b13591e4b584eca3600dcf365769cb741e0ecd33b25b8c56","side":"right"},{"sibling":"fcf16a6f44025801f5b83e928acce764352ddbc06ae3043d8cde9a409933e6d8","side":"right"},{"sibling":"78982294dee68f9db9288c64d7e507c7865fda96e1b6f7ccff5c8bb152e93c49","side":"left"},{"sibling":"995b421824624a8282c7f44e64c64ee35344800f477ae1845b41be14d3fab94c","side":"right"},{"sibling":"66331bac84ca0f8983eb09fac7eaf95af234f1b82680b793eabff4ee25caac40","side":"left"},{"sibling":"35ca36cee447f0ef7064a25d55f59357c66901e31427729c4c1d8b14aa8adb6c","side":"left"},{"sibling":"eef0e8906a749d3470f89beeedc723f37a5737010bbb0dcc7cf91515338e5a3e","side":"right"},{"sibling":"1a07e481a9407d71aad078ce854cdeee362163c887fe10f889b0ecf0b5e749ad","side":"right"},{"sibling":"d841ad93efda0869e5eb97678f348f03f5caab4353e05ff4bf18f47fb945b822","side":"left"}]},"schema":"crovia.axiom_proof.v1","seal":{"first_collector_run_id":"","first_receipt_hash":"","jsonl_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl","key_id":"430895f101d38164","last_collector_run_id":"","last_receipt_hash":"","leaf_count":158251,"merkle_root":"485e6b31fe60c8beba5b394808c7e4c32448b2ff65c2482c480ca0e2a2eda718","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","run_id":"hourly_json_retrofit_20260529T053701Z","schema":"crovia.seal.v1","seal_family_version":"crovia-seal-family/1","seal_kind":"substrate_batch","sealed_at":"2026-05-29T05:37:37Z","sig_algorithm":"ed25519","signature":"bbf9f005201182fce4f9d94c7a9d01a508b56daf7d9611bd73514f5f616bc059d0e5e1f2edfc95716e6fe08ef5fae38b558cbf7f2fd8f9d5dfe4c34a54c83005","signer_version":"1.1.0"},"trust_root":{"key_id":"430895f101d38164","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","signature_algorithm":"ed25519","url":"/registry/canon/TRUST_ROOT.md"},"verifier":{"spec":"/registry/canon/AXIOM_RECEIPT_v1.md","url":"/v/axm_89a6a1f7934449413bff709fc8c03327b2e47b21cba5fd92bca1221acd253375"}}