{"_canonicalization":{"envelope_id":"axm_ + sha256(envelope minus {signature, axiom_id, anchors})","envelope_signature":"ed25519(envelope minus {signature, axiom_id})","json":"sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False, allow_nan=False, utf-8","leaf_hash":"sha256(0x00 || canonical_json(envelope_full))","seal_signature":"ed25519(seal minus {signature, sig_algorithm})"},"axiom_id":"axm_90f29dc240c9ba38aac948816e050a58302779db733e6b546a74b52ec3f59200","bitcoin_anchor":{"bitcoin_attestations":[],"calendar_attestations":[],"ots_url":"","stamped_at":"","status":"pending_next_stamp"},"envelope":{"anchors":[{"chain":"crovia.axiom_graph","height":0,"merkle_proof":"spider_vendor_press_v1","root_at_anchor":"spider_vendor_press_v1"}],"axiom_id":"axm_90f29dc240c9ba38aac948816e050a58302779db733e6b546a74b52ec3f59200","axiom_type":"AX.OBS","body":{"axiom_subtype":"news.vendor_press.v1","category":"news","fingerprint":"8d395826f2a1082ae9e350f3341db062c2b2e8c152ca76baebcf40abcd42d054","published":"Fri, 19 Jun 2026 00:00:00 -0400","receipt_hash":"8d395826f2a1082ae9e350f3341db062c2b2e8c152ca76baebcf40abcd42d054","schema":"spider.news.vendor_press.v1","spider":"vendor_press","spider_record":{"axiom_subtype":"news.vendor_press.v1","category":"news","decision_hint":"POSITIVE","envelope_target":"AX.OBS","fingerprint":"8d395826f2a1082ae9e350f3341db062c2b2e8c152ca76baebcf40abcd42d054","observed_at":"2026-06-19T04:43:39.497162Z","parent_run_hash":"942f204649bd8fb7e5f3ac68f64dc64a5a02624b49ac200c0f629f6ff3a211f3","published":"Fri, 19 Jun 2026 00:00:00 -0400","runtime_version":"0.1.0","schema":"spider.news.vendor_press.v1","source_status":200,"source_url":"https://export.arxiv.org/rss/cs.AI","spider":"vendor_press","summary_excerpt":"arXiv:2602.23248v2 Announce Type: replace \nAbstract: As large language models become increasingly capable, it is critical that their outputs can be easily checked by less capable systems. Prover-verifier games can be used to improve checkability of model outputs, but display a degradation in accuracy compared to a baseline trained only to maximize correctness -- a phenonemon named legibility tax. We propose a solution by decoupling the correctness from the checkability condition and instead training a \"translator\" model that turns a fixed solver model's solution into a checkable form. This allows us to first train the solver to maximize correctness, and then train the translator to translate the solver into a checkable form while retaining the solver's answer. To accommodate this new objective of translation, we formulate a decoupled prover-verifier game (DPVG) where the equilibria correspond to faithful and checkable translators.","title":"Mitigating Legibility Tax with Decoupled Prover-Verifier Games","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.23248","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"summary":"arXiv:2602.23248v2 Announce Type: replace \nAbstract: As large language models become increasingly capable, it is critical that their outputs can be easily checked by less capable systems. Prover-verifier games can be used to improve checkability of model outputs, but display a degradation in accuracy compared to a baseline trained only to maximize correctness -- a phenonemon named legibility tax. We propose a solution by decoupling the correctness from the checkability condition and instead training a \"translator\" model that turns a fixed solver model's solution into a checkable form. This allows us to first train the solver to maximize correctness, and then train the translator to translate the solver into a checkable form while retaining the solver's answer. To accommodate this new objective of translation, we formulate a decoupled prover-verifier game (DPVG) where the equilibria correspond to faithful and checkable translators.","title":"Mitigating Legibility Tax with Decoupled Prover-Verifier Games","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"confidence":{"method":"deterministic"},"decision":"POSITIVE","issued_at":"2026-06-19T04:43:39Z","notes":"Spider vendor_press (news) news.vendor_press.v1","object":{"captured_by":"crovia.spider.vendor_press","primary_source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.23248"},"predecessors":[],"schema":"crovia.axiom.v1","signature":"ed25519:c8a5d1411ffcceff905711401b108e2919f8021f33f0396df3c03b5200f80100a990fd1c5a26a12188f397bbb388d20d2e6f74b8c452f11c2e6758928cfb250b","signer":"crovia.substrate","subject":{"observed_at":"2026-06-19T04:43:39Z","source_collector":"spider:vendor_press","target_id":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.23248"},"tsa":{"authority":"crovia.substrate.bootstrap","rfc3161_token":"{\"kind\":\"crovia.bootstrap.tsa\",\"source_jsonl\":\"/opt/crovia/spider/data/news/vendor_press_v1.jsonl\",\"source_seal_merkle_root\":\"spider_vendor_press_v1\",\"upgrade_path\":\"Sessione H \\u2014 OpenTimestamps weekly anchor\"}"},"zk_mode":"clear","zk_proof":null},"ledger":{"leaf_hash":"cbb3e8c20a6617e81a22b41d334065ec12a879fcc9253ae46d03fff08c99cbd9","leaf_index":235686,"ledger_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl"},"merkle_proof":{"hash_alg":"sha256","leaf_prefix":"0x00","node_prefix":"0x01","odd_leaf_rule":"duplicate_last","path":[{"sibling":"2aa3a94ca6ea01e1f823d6db94292a00bacc73842cb442ad78060235cee28540","side":"right"},{"sibling":"5de2a0a2fe63a2bdfad09c7544e8ac279c382c21bf614b6c033a852dc62bf8e9","side":"left"},{"sibling":"5e8eb000df48a6d297b1bd6fa63ae489b6981e6a7e38ffccd89a64da4f503a86","side":"left"},{"sibling":"44f6ba5675901a072854c31612b59aec34828620f173f9da0b26ff351cee8cd0","side":"right"},{"sibling":"13b456264d993510a1862fbe736fe444cc9ce0e25d3a03c05ab459c12ec4e13e","side":"right"},{"sibling":"7dc6760aab106e939aa5db80f98209b84ff8e42be64c8d3a64855d28698ac2fc","side":"left"},{"sibling":"d4e4da8292a59c15443bbd4cd8c53ca2bf82cd90b34e48fb7704c5e2e86fe09f","side":"right"},{"sibling":"9af7ea2b04101a414ff44ef903d5d381777f0286b489347e7e959b64158ff697","side":"left"},{"sibling":"aa68ebe8f5e8e96388fc8d1af3aa08be7ccd27ab4cebcf5913560c48d877bc27","side":"right"},{"sibling":"8253d44cf1ed30d3ab19c2b339fb4000a1fa173182c65390e9e8dabf8173b9e9","side":"right"},{"sibling":"e2bf9b60400244c698c0196109f54323457abc5b64dee08ec33ab14cc4faaef7","side":"right"},{"sibling":"86664e7f68ba08b8dfcf77dda51a4dfa7fcfc986d4ad7c704ffb71b669202da7","side":"left"},{"sibling":"410c633928fea11c5b4bdddb431956b1d7c320db9cda00d2fe32e0fcf888d7b7","side":"left"},{"sibling":"b52a771530dd1686bca49e42088898b86da94879579cd6a995c6ab0598a665fe","side":"right"},{"sibling":"a116bb92f9b0350491155b470acc86d006c33ec558759e49e56614a54c39f242","side":"right"},{"sibling":"a04392fb9f2a3a620840e3b3fecd93d12e6d224e481c162389d8ae64e7194599","side":"left"},{"sibling":"c300cf0154c136afc09b1702a0be98f4ba5b6dc5cf57e8cc714ec1eaf4196eff","side":"left"},{"sibling":"d841ad93efda0869e5eb97678f348f03f5caab4353e05ff4bf18f47fb945b822","side":"left"}]},"schema":"crovia.axiom_proof.v1","seal":{"first_collector_run_id":"","first_receipt_hash":"","jsonl_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl","key_id":"430895f101d38164","last_collector_run_id":"","last_receipt_hash":"","leaf_count":241122,"merkle_root":"7a906c6a26ff6c6feabc2feaba6a1a70c515e6fd72a38c779293b0f78ff291c4","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","run_id":"hourly_json_retrofit_20260622T183701Z","schema":"crovia.seal.v1","seal_family_version":"crovia-seal-family/1","seal_kind":"substrate_batch","sealed_at":"2026-06-23T06:25:25Z","sig_algorithm":"ed25519","signature":"5576b1d56d5dbb0d96c780fa3ca0940d805c8de95c6251bc87297f0be058aa5e37eb53a6aa1b601381f489f093842cf674b28737ed8e46ce3a49814b5e57290c","signer_version":"1.1.0"},"trust_root":{"key_id":"430895f101d38164","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","signature_algorithm":"ed25519","url":"/registry/canon/TRUST_ROOT.md"},"verifier":{"spec":"/registry/canon/AXIOM_RECEIPT_v1.md","url":"/v/axm_90f29dc240c9ba38aac948816e050a58302779db733e6b546a74b52ec3f59200"}}