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This creates a practical problem for multi-layer interventions: different layerwise dictionaries can spend capacity representing the same carried-forward information, and replacing several layers at once can produce interactions that are not predicted by single-layer behavior. We introduce Residualized Sparse Autoencoders (ReSAEs), which fit an affine map between selected layers and train each later-layer SAE on the unexplained residual rather than on the full activation. Reconstructions are mapped back into the original activation space through the fitted affine chain, so ReSAEs can be evaluated with the same intervention protocols as ordinary SAEs. On Pythia-1.4B and Gemma-2-9B, residualization reduces decoder redundancy and improves sparse probing and targeted perturbation in most tested","title":"ReSAE: Residualized Sparse Autoencoders for Multi-Layer Transformer Interventions","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.27819","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"summary":"arXiv:2605.27819v1 Announce Type: cross \nAbstract: Sparse autoencoders are usually trained one layer at a time, even though transformer residual stream activations are strongly coupled across depth. This creates a practical problem for multi-layer interventions: different layerwise dictionaries can spend capacity representing the same carried-forward information, and replacing several layers at once can produce interactions that are not predicted by single-layer behavior. We introduce Residualized Sparse Autoencoders (ReSAEs), which fit an affine map between selected layers and train each later-layer SAE on the unexplained residual rather than on the full activation. Reconstructions are mapped back into the original activation space through the fitted affine chain, so ReSAEs can be evaluated with the same intervention protocols as ordinary SAEs. On Pythia-1.4B and Gemma-2-9B, residualization reduces decoder redundancy and improves sparse probing and targeted perturbation in most tested","title":"ReSAE: Residualized Sparse Autoencoders for Multi-Layer Transformer Interventions","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"confidence":{"method":"deterministic"},"decision":"POSITIVE","issued_at":"2026-05-28T04:43:38Z","notes":"Spider vendor_press (news) news.vendor_press.v1","object":{"captured_by":"crovia.spider.vendor_press","primary_source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.27819"},"predecessors":[],"schema":"crovia.axiom.v1","signature":"ed25519:8be9c8b13b91dada1367500aea2da6d1097d91dd7d81657f263593b3f3e1839ac1518fec8dfb09e48b2d07240362e3615f1650f5d37320b623e9e8cac88c570a","signer":"crovia.substrate","subject":{"observed_at":"2026-05-28T04:43:38Z","source_collector":"spider:vendor_press","target_id":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.27819"},"tsa":{"authority":"crovia.substrate.bootstrap","rfc3161_token":"{\"kind\":\"crovia.bootstrap.tsa\",\"source_jsonl\":\"/opt/crovia/spider/data/news/vendor_press_v1.jsonl\",\"source_seal_merkle_root\":\"spider_vendor_press_v1\",\"upgrade_path\":\"Sessione H \\u2014 OpenTimestamps weekly anchor\"}"},"zk_mode":"clear","zk_proof":null},"ledger":{"leaf_hash":"9b73cf4924ff5d2d5c67f36a7b2a90aedc861157500716fe5dd44562f2331dec","leaf_index":155823,"ledger_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl"},"merkle_proof":{"hash_alg":"sha256","leaf_prefix":"0x00","node_prefix":"0x01","odd_leaf_rule":"duplicate_last","path":[{"sibling":"e539200d35db0c3ff3637ac002f0b1a94eba6bbb6a542f1f79c0ebc8e741a9c7","side":"left"},{"sibling":"af864426b80b059f8aceb7ef3a192ed1f684516a2e2ce54d680fe02327825e4f","side":"left"},{"sibling":"1295994ada1249f3aef445e5fe0cf6de559338100198dfb868341dc350369e24","side":"left"},{"sibling":"98b2315816614113be63bae11cc784b8f8ad4bf6ea6193b0af56341681be94f8","side":"left"},{"sibling":"e33b06cbdc5cee06c8d05bee8df4e75bb5189812bafae3a414bb0e31d7fd011a","side":"right"},{"sibling":"7e53d22770bf5e38d6d023fbbe1e1820571bc78d004bac5ed23614ccf9c29566","side":"left"},{"sibling":"ee7da65b5a86af06f9a3335d17a9d3cfc91a80b40810cef933dac1f3ef2460ba","side":"right"},{"sibling":"753018fa645affe1bfe31d1c496292a6e72167116d741961e921b85a693e4153","side":"left"},{"sibling":"0adb35dd3ad9bfc4a781c02606acf0a3ce1e28e1a88066209cc1a35814e790ad","side":"right"},{"sibling":"f292d3278e493ec60902181b8c0bd5c89c0a1168ef928222fe6161287982f7f0","side":"right"},{"sibling":"2209295faf1a5bf51c97c6fd5a839a8181a4ea44f490420381530f35df7d9b2f","side":"right"},{"sibling":"5784576a15214ea9fc3569e6e1cff1ef443c0b1fc0d036028489088af089de27","side":"right"},{"sibling":"311772ec218efcb2da5a337f9e9f042fe1cc0028643adb0a354787e4ea7911b7","side":"right"},{"sibling":"66331bac84ca0f8983eb09fac7eaf95af234f1b82680b793eabff4ee25caac40","side":"left"},{"sibling":"35ca36cee447f0ef7064a25d55f59357c66901e31427729c4c1d8b14aa8adb6c","side":"left"},{"sibling":"7b6f0bea4291a5e63574dfca9aa0f9756f450c9478c3d07474d39a7ababb51f9","side":"right"},{"sibling":"1d39fe14b21e2ebbfb87e882423b24ee9469eae1e4c77af5b799ac4db9537467","side":"right"},{"sibling":"d841ad93efda0869e5eb97678f348f03f5caab4353e05ff4bf18f47fb945b822","side":"left"}]},"schema":"crovia.axiom_proof.v1","seal":{"first_collector_run_id":"","first_receipt_hash":"","jsonl_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl","key_id":"430895f101d38164","last_collector_run_id":"","last_receipt_hash":"","leaf_count":156177,"merkle_root":"c5705a0243d16afd8b1ebfd731b7aa304079c442c2a7906493c5bbed374c69ec","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","run_id":"hourly_json_retrofit_20260528T053701Z","schema":"crovia.seal.v1","seal_family_version":"crovia-seal-family/1","seal_kind":"substrate_batch","sealed_at":"2026-05-28T05:37:36Z","sig_algorithm":"ed25519","signature":"f087e13febc8bb6a2e0812610de64cebc65be92915518d9c4b230799c3b161839b04c4eb1b02741f938f35545a76ab76555b04c782bdc2f9a44852d171d65909","signer_version":"1.1.0"},"trust_root":{"key_id":"430895f101d38164","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","signature_algorithm":"ed25519","url":"/registry/canon/TRUST_ROOT.md"},"verifier":{"spec":"/registry/canon/AXIOM_RECEIPT_v1.md","url":"/v/axm_91b6e80df9fe2a6813a875aaf3ae4c9cb05faf9fa0bf974a5fe5cd641160e46d"}}