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The existing explanation formalisms focus on justifications to explain true axioms, and abductive reasoning to explain missing axioms in a knowledge base. However, these formalisms only point out the reasoning steps behind a (missing) entailment and lack a user-centered approach as they do not consider an inquirer's needs, level of understanding, or prior knowledge. We propose contrastive explanations, aiming at answering \"why an axiom P (fact) is true instead of another axiom Q (foil)\" over description logic knowledge bases. The motivation arises from the observation that when a user discovers that P has occurred, they are often surprised because they anticipated the occurrence of another similar event Q. Furthermore, individual explanations for \"why P\" and \"why not Q\" are unsatisfactory since a user expects to see the difference bet","title":"Rethinking Explanations: Formalizing Contrast in Description Logics","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.01442","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"summary":"arXiv:2605.01442v1 Announce Type: new \nAbstract: There has been a growing interest in explaining entailments over description logic (DL) knowledge bases. The existing explanation formalisms focus on justifications to explain true axioms, and abductive reasoning to explain missing axioms in a knowledge base. However, these formalisms only point out the reasoning steps behind a (missing) entailment and lack a user-centered approach as they do not consider an inquirer's needs, level of understanding, or prior knowledge. We propose contrastive explanations, aiming at answering \"why an axiom P (fact) is true instead of another axiom Q (foil)\" over description logic knowledge bases. The motivation arises from the observation that when a user discovers that P has occurred, they are often surprised because they anticipated the occurrence of another similar event Q. Furthermore, individual explanations for \"why P\" and \"why not Q\" are unsatisfactory since a user expects to see the difference bet","title":"Rethinking Explanations: Formalizing Contrast in Description Logics","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"confidence":{"method":"deterministic"},"decision":"POSITIVE","issued_at":"2026-05-06T04:43:18Z","notes":"Spider vendor_press (news) news.vendor_press.v1","object":{"captured_by":"crovia.spider.vendor_press","primary_source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.01442"},"predecessors":[],"schema":"crovia.axiom.v1","signature":"ed25519:7a46a1661809a975e7a804187a9744ee305a432136469e3b72836fc331e3ecdc07aad5d4272fe99c60132e5c7d36c4e9aba4abf3f23b8b7fb9bd3ba187f3f40c","signer":"crovia.substrate","subject":{"observed_at":"2026-05-06T04:43:18Z","source_collector":"spider:vendor_press","target_id":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.01442"},"tsa":{"authority":"crovia.substrate.bootstrap","rfc3161_token":"{\"kind\":\"crovia.bootstrap.tsa\",\"source_jsonl\":\"/opt/crovia/spider/data/news/vendor_press_v1.jsonl\",\"source_seal_merkle_root\":\"spider_vendor_press_v1\",\"upgrade_path\":\"Sessione H \\u2014 OpenTimestamps weekly anchor\"}"},"zk_mode":"clear","zk_proof":null},"ledger":{"leaf_hash":"7fe09b5eee4ebe7995c73d60097420d3e6a16c82fdf54d9db07f93610a9b2e4d","leaf_index":116048,"ledger_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl"},"merkle_proof":{"hash_alg":"sha256","leaf_prefix":"0x00","node_prefix":"0x01","odd_leaf_rule":"duplicate_last","path":[{"sibling":"e29762d6fa16fd33bad19181846d2c8b725ffca225f141d9cf121a25d2d9fb2d","side":"right"},{"sibling":"aa9ee7dfbd74a691880febb849f195cd73450f7830ead1ef420584ffcee4c397","side":"right"},{"sibling":"f0fd132c5472811965a7c714658e740a76e63dd6df102b0a8eaca19a3514b0f3","side":"right"},{"sibling":"b60f6ac281893142bfa5c79f6d51ae253b447caab54079e81cb839c1cadc075c","side":"right"},{"sibling":"304ce0cc85b789eb3ea856ed4da2c8495d653b6ea1d7a3e047eb915382beff5c","side":"left"},{"sibling":"9ac6390e6ec02208c996930a134bc5915b6fdcae680fb6e2028b908de7b81295","side":"right"},{"sibling":"f2fc4c75d0d98883e6651d6b8de4d8a9e32629c30756d80e57438acc15bc7799","side":"left"},{"sibling":"c8f2d2d59982877f539ec7300b3050bbd7090f678e1ec0fe9c92da90a24d82fa","side":"right"},{"sibling":"aece872b65a68d3775a2636761a78e8ecbdc28b94538a659e6069c57bef430e0","side":"left"},{"sibling":"fb3602a0ad8c9fcab7b18e13690c40ca4a2f5402557d976d681a369555c04ae2","side":"right"},{"sibling":"ddc060ac400459417799f688c75d5b271636afa40d89ec7fc98652473a8061f6","side":"left"},{"sibling":"282afa51266e47629e34d808a360bbb276348bcc5a24bdcc93e83a76e580293e","side":"right"},{"sibling":"05f89b32c00462e60adf95c1fe4579cdc2791b36e8b17573d8f3b5fd5da95a0b","side":"right"},{"sibling":"8ccd9937a2c0d5c04044d07d1557791b7d07bb31eac41a39a675608d44b38f23","side":"right"},{"sibling":"3a5e69cf0803f4c91f3895ed7c9a95748fef240bec4422e167c05300f79f06c0","side":"left"},{"sibling":"f2817ab288b5324fe49770372c7a10f33f7cd11005f8d4c0a730316f5229dc98","side":"left"},{"sibling":"725fac972e772ca0dc598810ea1abc70df472f72d2d6ab8a0baee2b80e5d2f4c","side":"left"},{"sibling":"98fc57dfef8873b512edc8340f7181df57302bb96777625e072235c62d7c5895","side":"right"}]},"schema":"crovia.axiom_proof.v1","seal":{"first_collector_run_id":"","first_receipt_hash":"","jsonl_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl","key_id":"430895f101d38164","last_collector_run_id":"","last_receipt_hash":"","leaf_count":134292,"merkle_root":"77fc9c28fae777b81da5b495b3115474df6592dfac590333213d3bdf8b94a9b3","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","run_id":"hourly_json_retrofit_20260515T023701Z","schema":"crovia.seal.v1","seal_family_version":"crovia-seal-family/1","seal_kind":"substrate_batch","sealed_at":"2026-05-15T02:37:25Z","sig_algorithm":"ed25519","signature":"68107a834b00b24f5d4501e5ec727445311f132a486567ecc4c72a4e6dff24c8c21f2de3105293353ba5fdbe370d032819af6aa70f694e2e39b6af6737507009","signer_version":"1.1.0"},"trust_root":{"key_id":"430895f101d38164","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","signature_algorithm":"ed25519","url":"/registry/canon/TRUST_ROOT.md"},"verifier":{"spec":"/registry/canon/AXIOM_RECEIPT_v1.md","url":"/v/axm_977455428cdf712feb82a3ec4e222311cf4f9adfba648a5d468081dc9adcdfa8"}}