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Regex scanners miss obfuscated payloads; formal static analyzers cannot read the natural-language SKILL.md instructions that hide prompt injection and social engineering. Neither approach covers both modalities.\n  SkillSieve is a three-layer detection framework that applies deeper analysis only where needed. Layer 1 runs regex, AST, and metadata checks through a recall-tuned heuristic scorer, filtering 86% of the volume. Layer 2 routes suspicious skills to an LLM, splitting the analysis into four parallel sub-tasks with structured outputs. Layer 3 puts high-risk skills before a jury of three LLMs that vote independently and debate when they disagree.\n  We evaluate on 49,592 real ClawHub skills and adversarial samples across five e","title":"SkillSieve: A Hierarchical Triage Framework for Detecting Malicious AI Agent Skills","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.06550","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"summary":"arXiv:2604.06550v2 Announce Type: replace-cross \nAbstract: OpenClaw's ClawHub marketplace hosts tens of thousands of community-contributed agent skills (49,592 in our 2026-04-04 snapshot), and recent audits report that 13-26% contain security vulnerabilities. Regex scanners miss obfuscated payloads; formal static analyzers cannot read the natural-language SKILL.md instructions that hide prompt injection and social engineering. Neither approach covers both modalities.\n  SkillSieve is a three-layer detection framework that applies deeper analysis only where needed. 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Layer 3 puts high-risk skills before a jury of three LLMs that vote independently and debate when they disagree.\n  We evaluate on 49,592 real ClawHub skills and adversarial samples across five e","title":"SkillSieve: A Hierarchical Triage Framework for Detecting Malicious AI Agent Skills","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"confidence":{"method":"deterministic"},"decision":"POSITIVE","issued_at":"2026-05-27T04:43:18Z","notes":"Spider vendor_press (news) news.vendor_press.v1","object":{"captured_by":"crovia.spider.vendor_press","primary_source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.06550"},"predecessors":[],"schema":"crovia.axiom.v1","signature":"ed25519:8bf53c4a3d3cf7d1db20d22a74f827f8b9a9949c10e3b1cf979955a0e3b2835bbad7f1325e29f013da14a277967bbebd2a84c7f09f700e03de82ce563e167d07","signer":"crovia.substrate","subject":{"observed_at":"2026-05-27T04:43:18Z","source_collector":"spider:vendor_press","target_id":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.06550"},"tsa":{"authority":"crovia.substrate.bootstrap","rfc3161_token":"{\"kind\":\"crovia.bootstrap.tsa\",\"source_jsonl\":\"/opt/crovia/spider/data/news/vendor_press_v1.jsonl\",\"source_seal_merkle_root\":\"spider_vendor_press_v1\",\"upgrade_path\":\"Sessione H \\u2014 OpenTimestamps weekly anchor\"}"},"zk_mode":"clear","zk_proof":null},"ledger":{"leaf_hash":"56d346cd92756e7e5bb71d61aac06e6db981130561acc004c1c1f9a9d8146d85","leaf_index":153961,"ledger_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl"},"merkle_proof":{"hash_alg":"sha256","leaf_prefix":"0x00","node_prefix":"0x01","odd_leaf_rule":"duplicate_last","path":[{"sibling":"707ced66c711287f4cb43bd721045841f5ecbd105ba00b14c8e2939b54d8e39f","side":"left"},{"sibling":"bfb907fab087f46b9df17eacc029d537dfb43e9cf7d3adf252abdfa83793a3c2","side":"right"},{"sibling":"05972cabcc20682d1a3b3eb58a171d68e2065633010949f5abeb8ab972d3ecf1","side":"right"},{"sibling":"235fe264be7453c1e681d423b07ba98d81ee38969dcbf308fe266852fe94a140","side":"left"},{"sibling":"7bc70ee4d1f433970b268debde724983c41ff622eb7920b83212db6338efc8c1","side":"right"},{"sibling":"aa4dec90fd438277dd786812d9183b8c99388113e7334dd7376266c127e35403","side":"left"},{"sibling":"bc35d95b20384bcefab067b00429ecc07965f080c071ee591082cba7c0f219a2","side":"left"},{"sibling":"16c794666e8ffc4b9e71a0bacc0e4f9bbc68a8544c340b385c6d1abff1d748e5","side":"right"},{"sibling":"c14a4eb4b07d22a6a83f548cf6c304559dc63f0e53071e550ecc566dbba50b14","side":"left"},{"sibling":"3165125427a29042fc9d02858a59a68858dbdcb2e19d1afa5f6dd6a95cfbce6a","side":"right"},{"sibling":"04b9a68b8ec6fa37251564383c685c23ce69e5e031df4eae69f79a3a334b68bf","side":"right"},{"sibling":"816f233274bb10f5a122aac086a0c8c697b78fec67a4af55190bb596b7506fab","side":"left"},{"sibling":"d415e6939aee710631f5062799379b547d2c3e3d9a68f263bbb5a693285ab2ca","side":"left"},{"sibling":"374c02d15fb12bd356c179c94766043a982052c6132af8bfc15361b431ffa9f7","side":"right"},{"sibling":"35ca36cee447f0ef7064a25d55f59357c66901e31427729c4c1d8b14aa8adb6c","side":"left"},{"sibling":"990705096edf483cc877217308f731dc42d6f6d99f82880167bbdbbfef32560a","side":"right"},{"sibling":"dd265753d95fa2e2fb4f5768e37fab6f691ccff09ad60d0910ff7dc23bac9226","side":"right"},{"sibling":"d841ad93efda0869e5eb97678f348f03f5caab4353e05ff4bf18f47fb945b822","side":"left"}]},"schema":"crovia.axiom_proof.v1","seal":{"first_collector_run_id":"","first_receipt_hash":"","jsonl_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl","key_id":"430895f101d38164","last_collector_run_id":"","last_receipt_hash":"","leaf_count":154065,"merkle_root":"4993cfdc172e7880b60667f16789dc2e831ff000f81bb1ecba248e73f1510eca","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","run_id":"hourly_json_retrofit_20260527T053701Z","schema":"crovia.seal.v1","seal_family_version":"crovia-seal-family/1","seal_kind":"substrate_batch","sealed_at":"2026-05-27T05:37:36Z","sig_algorithm":"ed25519","signature":"76ecf118011540405e96506e6219752df04a2850632f2903dc6f10e08b98bc5a42c8d9e1cb5b7c5bf714479806a403df5f34399afa40c23fbb71493a1f77bd0c","signer_version":"1.1.0"},"trust_root":{"key_id":"430895f101d38164","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","signature_algorithm":"ed25519","url":"/registry/canon/TRUST_ROOT.md"},"verifier":{"spec":"/registry/canon/AXIOM_RECEIPT_v1.md","url":"/v/axm_a971fb9968aa49737615ac7342f1136c29d00e6382fc96e9b88a5a0bc2712fcb"}}