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Focusing on class-level unlearning, we first derive an over-unlearning metric, OU@epsilon, which quantifies collateral damage in regions proximal to the forget set, where over-unlearning mainly occurs. Next, we expose an unforeseen relearning threat on MU, i.e., the Prototypical Relearning Attack, which exploits the per-class prototype of the forget class with just a few samples, and easily restores the pre-unlearning performance. To counter both blind spots in class-level unlearning, we introduce Spotter, a plug-and-play objective that combines (i) a masked knowledge-distillation penalty on the nearby regi","title":"Unlearning's Blind Spots: Over-Unlearning and Prototypical Relearning Attack","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.01318","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"summary":"arXiv:2506.01318v4 Announce Type: replace-cross \nAbstract: Machine unlearning (MU) aims to expunge a designated forget set from a trained model without costly retraining, yet the existing techniques overlook two critical blind spots: \"over-unlearning\" that deteriorates retained data near the forget set, and post-hoc \"relearning\" attacks that aim to resurrect the forgotten knowledge. Focusing on class-level unlearning, we first derive an over-unlearning metric, OU@epsilon, which quantifies collateral damage in regions proximal to the forget set, where over-unlearning mainly occurs. Next, we expose an unforeseen relearning threat on MU, i.e., the Prototypical Relearning Attack, which exploits the per-class prototype of the forget class with just a few samples, and easily restores the pre-unlearning performance. To counter both blind spots in class-level unlearning, we introduce Spotter, a plug-and-play objective that combines (i) a masked knowledge-distillation penalty on the nearby regi","title":"Unlearning's Blind Spots: Over-Unlearning and Prototypical Relearning Attack","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"confidence":{"method":"deterministic"},"decision":"POSITIVE","issued_at":"2026-06-01T04:43:13Z","notes":"Spider vendor_press (news) news.vendor_press.v1","object":{"captured_by":"crovia.spider.vendor_press","primary_source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.01318"},"predecessors":[],"schema":"crovia.axiom.v1","signature":"ed25519:4f802b198a702ecbaef858aae7870a95795f4278a31b38b89c64f2c6c5c02e37724c4985738938ead39699e3a473fb9b8cd69a1cbcf77d8529508c3ea934aa09","signer":"crovia.substrate","subject":{"observed_at":"2026-06-01T04:43:13Z","source_collector":"spider:vendor_press","target_id":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.01318"},"tsa":{"authority":"crovia.substrate.bootstrap","rfc3161_token":"{\"kind\":\"crovia.bootstrap.tsa\",\"source_jsonl\":\"/opt/crovia/spider/data/news/vendor_press_v1.jsonl\",\"source_seal_merkle_root\":\"spider_vendor_press_v1\",\"upgrade_path\":\"Sessione H \\u2014 OpenTimestamps weekly anchor\"}"},"zk_mode":"clear","zk_proof":null},"ledger":{"leaf_hash":"21452733c5744515b1587cc5ab3103f1f8f4086112cabd07151fd102f0b10b7a","leaf_index":164050,"ledger_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl"},"merkle_proof":{"hash_alg":"sha256","leaf_prefix":"0x00","node_prefix":"0x01","odd_leaf_rule":"duplicate_last","path":[{"sibling":"0b14d030af95cee8716de0ddbf674265d9b75d4f937398b163abe3e8256bf44d","side":"right"},{"sibling":"ab0e95714528a245678e124c869772b9038b946fd1ccfd571d1354b91ac11df4","side":"left"},{"sibling":"e48d022ad928d35cbdb81fc585a703b4a9da4c5301c931da77c28ed989e00b41","side":"right"},{"sibling":"1575fc17b72ed8b29f76af8c077f8c1344237d361642a6f887119af4d7177dc8","side":"right"},{"sibling":"b16a4bcc52aab207ead32190e85857efb7942983d3249d5b8971eea646e7588b","side":"left"},{"sibling":"64adb5bce7321511a79350afc07efd61fa36fccbb0acace802969f448bc3148b","side":"right"},{"sibling":"6b9f5e8f735af934c2b99502e36dfe0c82b536ef2c88dafbb196d5ab8771a38f","side":"left"},{"sibling":"c2ed258674acbec09c8c9dbf15c89e6fc50854c6eb5f8d42b378de7db248641a","side":"left"},{"sibling":"86fede29e507d01bfe35484a1579149e8e99b3527ff48559423f6056d11af46a","side":"right"},{"sibling":"fc601f0745c37fc5f7c249300e654db05d61bb9059885eeb0b0a5047b5d28408","side":"right"},{"sibling":"6ed9290cdae063f13bfeb71c4c5440595cabb61fd4b39225b9cc913ffb336dd7","side":"right"},{"sibling":"a0446b923d1ce90021e78edff07f6bfc7cc2a1326a565c5f0786b82a24dd0a2a","side":"right"},{"sibling":"e598fd53912c30e58ca8e58d7d8a338fe0f2ecb63fdd99225bc703c499c948ec","side":"right"},{"sibling":"fc4873333221ec8167697f75b6f6a8a08491a8cf18952defb65fb6d4958fa5e7","side":"right"},{"sibling":"05c8a827da2a05549ee3250310777009120c687885816bf6c7c74801bfaa346d","side":"right"},{"sibling":"5ea2f2dc9f046df723b6bd9932d61a9a3d80a76e79ce1b939b3d93ff79b5a91c","side":"left"},{"sibling":"ce41d9b82f34b16efd653dfb3552acc4e2512939e47903e5fc979fbed00c5764","side":"right"},{"sibling":"d841ad93efda0869e5eb97678f348f03f5caab4353e05ff4bf18f47fb945b822","side":"left"}]},"schema":"crovia.axiom_proof.v1","seal":{"first_collector_run_id":"","first_receipt_hash":"","jsonl_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl","key_id":"430895f101d38164","last_collector_run_id":"","last_receipt_hash":"","leaf_count":164217,"merkle_root":"a1098816aea1b60b8fe37b62410469bc5024a2c335bbec4f6ef2add7875dbdf2","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","run_id":"hourly_json_retrofit_20260601T053701Z","schema":"crovia.seal.v1","seal_family_version":"crovia-seal-family/1","seal_kind":"substrate_batch","sealed_at":"2026-06-01T05:37:41Z","sig_algorithm":"ed25519","signature":"d7f91db1d54b9495c499440c2828f4bd53360555391ce6e25adea5183bc1fa0f697d80708a099d0b0429e6f8cb6c71e7fccf82acb3c84481149974fb26074708","signer_version":"1.1.0"},"trust_root":{"key_id":"430895f101d38164","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","signature_algorithm":"ed25519","url":"/registry/canon/TRUST_ROOT.md"},"verifier":{"spec":"/registry/canon/AXIOM_RECEIPT_v1.md","url":"/v/axm_ab6a3b60b999905f8549e46b08ba7e4f24ffd64dfbd400d8cf7d2f6e67357f29"}}