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Extending this paradigm to scientific literature is more challenging: the relationships among multi-modal elements within and across documents are rarely made explicit in text, which makes automatic generation of relational reasoning questions difficult and weakens the reliability of reward signals. We propose SPARK (Self-Play with Asymmetric Reward from Knowledge Graphs), a framework that automatically constructs a unified knowledge graph (KG) from multi-document scientific literature and uses it as the structural basis for self-play. KG paths over multimodal nodes serve as a source for generating relational reasoning questions, and structured facts stored in the KG provide a basis for verifiable reward computat","title":"SPARK: Self-Play with Asymmetric Reward from Knowledge Graphs","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.05546","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"summary":"arXiv:2605.05546v1 Announce Type: new \nAbstract: Self-play reinforcement learning has shown strong performance in domains with formally verifiable structure, such as mathematics and coding, where both problem generation and reward computation can be grounded in explicit rules. Extending this paradigm to scientific literature is more challenging: the relationships among multi-modal elements within and across documents are rarely made explicit in text, which makes automatic generation of relational reasoning questions difficult and weakens the reliability of reward signals. 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KG paths over multimodal nodes serve as a source for generating relational reasoning questions, and structured facts stored in the KG provide a basis for verifiable reward computat","title":"SPARK: Self-Play with Asymmetric Reward from Knowledge Graphs","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"confidence":{"method":"deterministic"},"decision":"POSITIVE","issued_at":"2026-05-08T04:43:40Z","notes":"Spider vendor_press (news) news.vendor_press.v1","object":{"captured_by":"crovia.spider.vendor_press","primary_source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.05546"},"predecessors":[],"schema":"crovia.axiom.v1","signature":"ed25519:c86abbb929aea4ac509ae871789d0c4a8c4fae924b01a44e54ef94e594841551060a2345488081ca9a807481ebe6676ab09b655d52d711c3c0c9f05771f53a01","signer":"crovia.substrate","subject":{"observed_at":"2026-05-08T04:43:40Z","source_collector":"spider:vendor_press","target_id":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.05546"},"tsa":{"authority":"crovia.substrate.bootstrap","rfc3161_token":"{\"kind\":\"crovia.bootstrap.tsa\",\"source_jsonl\":\"/opt/crovia/spider/data/news/vendor_press_v1.jsonl\",\"source_seal_merkle_root\":\"spider_vendor_press_v1\",\"upgrade_path\":\"Sessione H \\u2014 OpenTimestamps weekly anchor\"}"},"zk_mode":"clear","zk_proof":null},"ledger":{"leaf_hash":"e05034b93966c99eceb168dd240c348045dcd20654954be7062e21b0b1bee622","leaf_index":120023,"ledger_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl"},"merkle_proof":{"hash_alg":"sha256","leaf_prefix":"0x00","node_prefix":"0x01","odd_leaf_rule":"duplicate_last","path":[{"sibling":"dcbc7cead73a71a2d2b322be85b7f7d925d8e2edbe118d36f3a124cd20cc2fa9","side":"left"},{"sibling":"0e1bebd80deeee4b7548895b85733d58e2b4fc03b6413dba2b5ab2923be66124","side":"left"},{"sibling":"43ee4cf7873b0eb29a2e573a95f48231caf5c5edc46917c44ec288a0376b6550","side":"left"},{"sibling":"3240455186081b52c07201a8f0be878b9c4a4b4721e72a2d46ff1f041051cbb0","side":"right"},{"sibling":"5ad19d55dfe95831eb66f270d4a5800bc2dcf046a96785ae491015023c8dca6c","side":"left"},{"sibling":"a18959b761df5a5037575734f8fb8a0af9d1543b43936194b600670fb35f18e3","side":"right"},{"sibling":"57401aa2f23d4c46f6ada2619e17a96246110ca4ac3b15593bdfdf239f901b96","side":"left"},{"sibling":"e25b57343e8490d87d450c3272d0745f8d63398c5695aa0427d60d9bacf7e2e4","side":"left"},{"sibling":"7a808b3ae03c4407bca39d0ca95237ecc77e10bf4a62672fcc1bdbe9f225cf04","side":"right"},{"sibling":"b9834433f5bd1deeaab4ced2b3bcc0d91d19763a5d0981fb299d124b63459eb3","side":"right"},{"sibling":"143f33d3924b3840fd6dd8ba12566fc35bf86189e663ef0ad4884d676f295e3a","side":"left"},{"sibling":"b1ed99341c327c7c9ab2489f40af2547ab3b3b4b6a74fb684210164fb891a413","side":"right"},{"sibling":"6ee3be9bdfc9bee55d32f7dbb0075f02fe87d20887d563d3e300caf36b1b88c7","side":"left"},{"sibling":"8ccd9937a2c0d5c04044d07d1557791b7d07bb31eac41a39a675608d44b38f23","side":"right"},{"sibling":"3a5e69cf0803f4c91f3895ed7c9a95748fef240bec4422e167c05300f79f06c0","side":"left"},{"sibling":"f2817ab288b5324fe49770372c7a10f33f7cd11005f8d4c0a730316f5229dc98","side":"left"},{"sibling":"725fac972e772ca0dc598810ea1abc70df472f72d2d6ab8a0baee2b80e5d2f4c","side":"left"},{"sibling":"98fc57dfef8873b512edc8340f7181df57302bb96777625e072235c62d7c5895","side":"right"}]},"schema":"crovia.axiom_proof.v1","seal":{"first_collector_run_id":"","first_receipt_hash":"","jsonl_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl","key_id":"430895f101d38164","last_collector_run_id":"","last_receipt_hash":"","leaf_count":134292,"merkle_root":"77fc9c28fae777b81da5b495b3115474df6592dfac590333213d3bdf8b94a9b3","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","run_id":"hourly_json_retrofit_20260515T023701Z","schema":"crovia.seal.v1","seal_family_version":"crovia-seal-family/1","seal_kind":"substrate_batch","sealed_at":"2026-05-15T02:37:25Z","sig_algorithm":"ed25519","signature":"68107a834b00b24f5d4501e5ec727445311f132a486567ecc4c72a4e6dff24c8c21f2de3105293353ba5fdbe370d032819af6aa70f694e2e39b6af6737507009","signer_version":"1.1.0"},"trust_root":{"key_id":"430895f101d38164","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","signature_algorithm":"ed25519","url":"/registry/canon/TRUST_ROOT.md"},"verifier":{"spec":"/registry/canon/AXIOM_RECEIPT_v1.md","url":"/v/axm_ab6c5d7104da7066c696bab4704661f890bec05e2e1c4cbb839a96615e06e377"}}