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While prior work has shown that structured visual prompts such as flowcharts can effectively jailbreak VLMs, existing studies are largely limited to English-centric settings. In this paper, we introduce MLingualFC, a multilingual multimodal benchmark designed to evaluate jailbreak vulnerabilities of VLMs across diverse languages using structured flowchart representations. MLingualFC encodes harmful instructions into flowchart images across five languages (Hindi, Punjabi, Spanish, Romanian, and German). We evaluate state-of-the-art multilingual VLMs, including Qwen2.5-VL, Gemma-4, and Pangea, under a black-box threat model. Our results reveal significant multilingual safety gaps. Flowchart-based attacks achieve high attack success rates (ASR) in case of Latin script languages, demonstrating t","title":"MLingualFC: Evaluating Jailbreak Vulnerabilities in Multilingual Vision-Language Models","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.07706","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"summary":"arXiv:2606.07706v1 Announce Type: cross \nAbstract: Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated strong performance across multimodal tasks, yet their safety robustness remains an open challenge. While prior work has shown that structured visual prompts such as flowcharts can effectively jailbreak VLMs, existing studies are largely limited to English-centric settings. In this paper, we introduce MLingualFC, a multilingual multimodal benchmark designed to evaluate jailbreak vulnerabilities of VLMs across diverse languages using structured flowchart representations. MLingualFC encodes harmful instructions into flowchart images across five languages (Hindi, Punjabi, Spanish, Romanian, and German). We evaluate state-of-the-art multilingual VLMs, including Qwen2.5-VL, Gemma-4, and Pangea, under a black-box threat model. Our results reveal significant multilingual safety gaps. Flowchart-based attacks achieve high attack success rates (ASR) in case of Latin script languages, demonstrating t","title":"MLingualFC: Evaluating Jailbreak Vulnerabilities in Multilingual Vision-Language Models","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"confidence":{"method":"deterministic"},"decision":"POSITIVE","issued_at":"2026-06-09T04:43:45Z","notes":"Spider vendor_press (news) news.vendor_press.v1","object":{"captured_by":"crovia.spider.vendor_press","primary_source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.07706"},"predecessors":[],"schema":"crovia.axiom.v1","signature":"ed25519:129d530e93b03ecb295947337382f9cc85fdb73a990f3a08befeeae1c55c859df9133986f58e0b0ce7213c4d3dc7089c7b6862fd34d236ad0eb99857a7a26b0a","signer":"crovia.substrate","subject":{"observed_at":"2026-06-09T04:43:45Z","source_collector":"spider:vendor_press","target_id":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.07706"},"tsa":{"authority":"crovia.substrate.bootstrap","rfc3161_token":"{\"kind\":\"crovia.bootstrap.tsa\",\"source_jsonl\":\"/opt/crovia/spider/data/news/vendor_press_v1.jsonl\",\"source_seal_merkle_root\":\"spider_vendor_press_v1\",\"upgrade_path\":\"Sessione H \\u2014 OpenTimestamps weekly anchor\"}"},"zk_mode":"clear","zk_proof":null},"ledger":{"leaf_hash":"87dc933b2505663dc8f7c298002539ecf14ff1b160e2433b540ea19ea9ad6c98","leaf_index":224186,"ledger_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl"},"merkle_proof":{"hash_alg":"sha256","leaf_prefix":"0x00","node_prefix":"0x01","odd_leaf_rule":"duplicate_last","path":[{"sibling":"8dfc1489e107fb5006d849e512eaaea6a03bcdd53165b9f8eaeccdb588581763","side":"right"},{"sibling":"ae26aa5cc34d9d7b0afb97cfc700a65a4e3573e0c4ea812b8e4d32d385611a57","side":"left"},{"sibling":"6f0ce275edb0a47c4adb58fa014e0a98a6f0ebb5c07d204eda0010ea9b08986c","side":"right"},{"sibling":"5afe83c51687dde312b496867a309c5b5f55cea16d4186bd1f8835e373d016e4","side":"left"},{"sibling":"01a201b1f26e14c64eae3d456554ad51b3ecacd665e5e6a566b5b8724ed755ef","side":"left"},{"sibling":"4ce5b1de8f8fc0c6eb12af1898c6487e46142e9f9edd78f1137d8b11ddfbfe6d","side":"left"},{"sibling":"0be0c215d1fb2f707cd98f8ae4ceb30761bee17955a0bb50300a2e9fe5db1e0e","side":"right"},{"sibling":"10fa631530dc46d85fa0d114403a05652fa3690c3219b57f26650e0db77a8036","side":"left"},{"sibling":"dd5d61819b080d26c4380e26887a8eb889d51e2c022f796a39855defe6f68d95","side":"left"},{"sibling":"e8dcea313a54920d83e4f72d5a4223f986c719f264241d171c4712efaaf1fc54","side":"left"},{"sibling":"5480e1ea31f4744f9bd7c4261771fe51f2cdb01e705cc17320bfc202d935ca12","side":"right"},{"sibling":"24fdc29d461691aedb6fa920758206b5bb43851f477ef7a04c34aaed84b8971b","side":"left"},{"sibling":"036922da4e1e2c46d948f070454bfad299b7406fb00735ea9d8bd1e687f5f445","side":"right"},{"sibling":"533d82482604463aa4a281b9d8b85917b383b7c5f924b2b494039524c55e8797","side":"left"},{"sibling":"b2590791b920ca2a4ed39de126d2c0b1a10d9e7e62f572f12425f214e767b6e1","side":"left"},{"sibling":"87c6b850dfec08ac35a693d9db3a3315250a68adb1cfab9b1015f212b63b15bd","side":"right"},{"sibling":"c300cf0154c136afc09b1702a0be98f4ba5b6dc5cf57e8cc714ec1eaf4196eff","side":"left"},{"sibling":"d841ad93efda0869e5eb97678f348f03f5caab4353e05ff4bf18f47fb945b822","side":"left"}]},"schema":"crovia.axiom_proof.v1","seal":{"first_collector_run_id":"","first_receipt_hash":"","jsonl_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl","key_id":"430895f101d38164","last_collector_run_id":"","last_receipt_hash":"","leaf_count":224761,"merkle_root":"e9f7b49b652e869ab97ffba9c5a31356b2d0e3dc5d00bb28944adf737c46b1e7","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","run_id":"hourly_json_retrofit_20260609T103805Z","schema":"crovia.seal.v1","seal_family_version":"crovia-seal-family/1","seal_kind":"substrate_batch","sealed_at":"2026-06-09T14:15:34Z","sig_algorithm":"ed25519","signature":"8ad8076fb12c8e486ae1d1559a9a7ba8e2ee996a9ad3d8ba7bcdbdbd88ab3a15bcb429707aca6d3e9d8b97e2ba755b3dcc77b1abb6601ccb829842719a6fb30d","signer_version":"1.1.0"},"trust_root":{"key_id":"430895f101d38164","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","signature_algorithm":"ed25519","url":"/registry/canon/TRUST_ROOT.md"},"verifier":{"spec":"/registry/canon/AXIOM_RECEIPT_v1.md","url":"/v/axm_ac7ffaff5dfa67915f7a796e4f64f008bb6c853278b34181a54f05d17b1a2bfb"}}