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Recently, many of these datasets, e.g., MS-Celeb-1M and VGGFace2, are retracted due to credible privacy and ethical concerns. This motivates this work to propose and investigate the feasibility of using a privacy-friendly synthetically generated face dataset to train face recognition models. Towards this end, we utilize a class-conditional generative adversarial network to generate class-labeled synthetic face images, namely SFace. To address the privacy aspect of using such data to train a face recognition model, we provide extensive evaluation experiments on the identity relation between the synthetic dataset and the original authentic dataset used to train the generative model. 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To address the privacy aspect of using such data to train a face recognition model, we provide extensive evaluation experiments on the identity relation between the synthetic dataset and the original authentic dataset used to train the generative model. Our reported evaluation proved that associating an identity of the authe","title":"SFace: Privacy-friendly and Accurate Face Recognition using Synthetic Data","vendor":"arxiv"},"confidence":{"method":"deterministic"},"decision":"POSITIVE","issued_at":"2026-05-03T16:20:12Z","notes":"Spider arxiv_retraction (research) research.arxiv_retraction.v1","object":{"captured_by":"crovia.spider.arxiv_retraction","primary_source_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2206.10520v1"},"predecessors":[],"schema":"crovia.axiom.v1","signature":"ed25519:7f2d9c1aa4d735b7493f3c8bc56cf652c57e9b21d43646cee4afa9cf28e26f50525c273f687cd9c9598f8aa581534c730b865270c0f3c5c439f952ce15133300","signer":"crovia.substrate","subject":{"observed_at":"2026-05-03T16:20:12Z","source_collector":"spider:arxiv_retraction","target_id":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2206.10520v1"},"tsa":{"authority":"crovia.substrate.bootstrap","rfc3161_token":"{\"kind\":\"crovia.bootstrap.tsa\",\"source_jsonl\":\"/opt/crovia/spider/data/research/arxiv_retraction_v1.jsonl\",\"source_seal_merkle_root\":\"spider_arxiv_retraction_v1\",\"upgrade_path\":\"Sessione H \\u2014 OpenTimestamps weekly anchor\"}"},"zk_mode":"clear","zk_proof":null},"ledger":{"leaf_hash":"a713f2efdf515b798c4ff6d11ce529448f1b814070c1541f99b68dbe7dc91b7d","leaf_index":111995,"ledger_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl"},"merkle_proof":{"hash_alg":"sha256","leaf_prefix":"0x00","node_prefix":"0x01","odd_leaf_rule":"duplicate_last","path":[{"sibling":"582bc37a9cd4d341af9b66e6cf3f9fd65554cc06d4a6b51389b4b2b5c07dab15","side":"left"},{"sibling":"f24a906a771a6316355143a51584de8d74175ee0d4f9282182abbd45149a64bf","side":"left"},{"sibling":"79acae4fe5b1c7baa747104b406a3ad04e1805963a8402caae6962113da56265","side":"right"},{"sibling":"fdf809990831bbc32644d1391de8bdaa785afffe11cd773a6d043ec43bbe51e6","side":"left"},{"sibling":"1d4db9e61bf623900ede8738b7c9e52266718e9f49987184972b4990208ce031","side":"left"},{"sibling":"0507cd3571053c7e209dba71e5e94e1c02f3f4e9f615cc98af787a88c6c4c961","side":"left"},{"sibling":"7cc6ec0331a098790dc04ced8e8abc2b910e0fcce6830c8442fff364ca231498","side":"left"},{"sibling":"0994d51d2178913b0e3ac7346ceed16c5ea436d841a8e7f28a99362fa269bad0","side":"right"},{"sibling":"015d2ce3c58c7a790ad078159267c63cd54f9ae7e20530115a6a423419cefe22","side":"left"},{"sibling":"5bcdb02d4310fc8bfd791789d990714b0a10f44358ffa98c446f1755352c49b8","side":"right"},{"sibling":"cf8897e1feec248f5d05e2cafec4f8c2739e2005227d28b5ccc8cfa11ed66ee4","side":"left"},{"sibling":"a6d6e5bc888edc394757fbba02b675bac6ad0831e36a6f5ebbaa4e5548f25603","side":"right"},{"sibling":"76d7c4385d71ae8104107105be66eddb792e01ed6e493db5a9b4eec5441abb76","side":"left"},{"sibling":"b03f005860bf95148ea89c703a32ca19ab7a2ca71b58bb628ff94a9edb8703b0","side":"left"},{"sibling":"21d1e30b556f553dc939fddc23e6367f0a7755ebe3dd489dc0001cef017beb7f","side":"right"},{"sibling":"f2817ab288b5324fe49770372c7a10f33f7cd11005f8d4c0a730316f5229dc98","side":"left"},{"sibling":"725fac972e772ca0dc598810ea1abc70df472f72d2d6ab8a0baee2b80e5d2f4c","side":"left"},{"sibling":"98fc57dfef8873b512edc8340f7181df57302bb96777625e072235c62d7c5895","side":"right"}]},"schema":"crovia.axiom_proof.v1","seal":{"first_collector_run_id":"","first_receipt_hash":"","jsonl_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl","key_id":"430895f101d38164","last_collector_run_id":"","last_receipt_hash":"","leaf_count":134292,"merkle_root":"77fc9c28fae777b81da5b495b3115474df6592dfac590333213d3bdf8b94a9b3","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","run_id":"hourly_json_retrofit_20260515T023701Z","schema":"crovia.seal.v1","seal_family_version":"crovia-seal-family/1","seal_kind":"substrate_batch","sealed_at":"2026-05-15T02:37:25Z","sig_algorithm":"ed25519","signature":"68107a834b00b24f5d4501e5ec727445311f132a486567ecc4c72a4e6dff24c8c21f2de3105293353ba5fdbe370d032819af6aa70f694e2e39b6af6737507009","signer_version":"1.1.0"},"trust_root":{"key_id":"430895f101d38164","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","signature_algorithm":"ed25519","url":"/registry/canon/TRUST_ROOT.md"},"verifier":{"spec":"/registry/canon/AXIOM_RECEIPT_v1.md","url":"/v/axm_affb443b2c987e906b9903cab8dbb5a092d34fe7ff0341ea8ce0aad385365b80"}}