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We challenge this representation, especially for Chinese, by replacing index-based token embeddings entirely with a single rasterized image of the character sequence, processed by a vision encoder composed of a shared ResNet and a shallow Vision Transformer. To isolate the role of input representation, we construct a dual-branch controlled framework in which both a Vision-based model and an index-based baseline share an identical decoder backbone, training objective, optimizer, and data curriculum. Any performance difference is therefore attributable to the input modality only. Across all tested decoder backbones, the Vision-based model consistently outperforms the baseline, reaching a peak accuracy of 0.429 versus 0.355 for the index-based baseline,that is, a 21% relative imp","title":"Full Glyph Images Beat Token Embeddings: A Controlled Study for Transformers","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.03994","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"summary":"arXiv:2607.03994v1 Announce Type: cross \nAbstract: Modern language models generally represent text as sequences of discrete token embeddings, an assumption deeply rooted in current practice but rarely questioned. We challenge this representation, especially for Chinese, by replacing index-based token embeddings entirely with a single rasterized image of the character sequence, processed by a vision encoder composed of a shared ResNet and a shallow Vision Transformer. To isolate the role of input representation, we construct a dual-branch controlled framework in which both a Vision-based model and an index-based baseline share an identical decoder backbone, training objective, optimizer, and data curriculum. Any performance difference is therefore attributable to the input modality only. Across all tested decoder backbones, the Vision-based model consistently outperforms the baseline, reaching a peak accuracy of 0.429 versus 0.355 for the index-based baseline,that is, a 21% relative imp","title":"Full Glyph Images Beat Token Embeddings: A Controlled Study for Transformers","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"confidence":{"method":"deterministic"},"decision":"POSITIVE","issued_at":"2026-07-07T04:43:08Z","notes":"Spider vendor_press (news) news.vendor_press.v1","object":{"captured_by":"crovia.spider.vendor_press","primary_source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.03994"},"predecessors":[],"schema":"crovia.axiom.v1","signature":"ed25519:df8c9113aa3494915a8175af78a50f08ad9b5a9b8a44c03d6b7ca03508447d2b7a60a111297eedc22e37a177fcffe00c94fcc4b4271759602b4113c638e2a30f","signer":"crovia.substrate","subject":{"observed_at":"2026-07-07T04:43:08Z","source_collector":"spider:vendor_press","target_id":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.03994"},"tsa":{"authority":"crovia.substrate.bootstrap","rfc3161_token":"{\"kind\":\"crovia.bootstrap.tsa\",\"source_jsonl\":\"/opt/crovia/spider/data/news/vendor_press_v1.jsonl\",\"source_seal_merkle_root\":\"spider_vendor_press_v1\",\"upgrade_path\":\"Sessione H \\u2014 OpenTimestamps weekly anchor\"}"},"zk_mode":"clear","zk_proof":null},"ledger":{"leaf_hash":"2faf2c554c0a7d34b46ec3ed20c372b219eaeb07021f5cc07be606c578bd9c61","leaf_index":289003,"ledger_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl"},"merkle_proof":{"hash_alg":"sha256","leaf_prefix":"0x00","node_prefix":"0x01","odd_leaf_rule":"duplicate_last","path":[{"sibling":"4498dbd84742b5b13dc0cb82d170c452e7154ba0be002b511b4bca14c7e81cd0","side":"left"},{"sibling":"5d52a7821c65b4206e05e710cf35478fd4e2b863eb8e4ea257393f50ebaa6304","side":"left"},{"sibling":"db0ac2fdaba43861ebb5564b578ae48fca024ba84ade15e8c1abc6ae92d7ef32","side":"right"},{"sibling":"6e958c6eba95c1dd9fe3d1e3cdf324240580ca99a3a288604b9bed6b91e0264e","side":"left"},{"sibling":"1ef555675eb5b278d456187ed18cfd928887118e7e5d04e8a52d524114490e8b","side":"right"},{"sibling":"3738e35c17cf15c3db999b27b37e65c9d5e33de0f39dbf34df98a1cfdb4c16cb","side":"left"},{"sibling":"50a7913417ce856965a08aaadd04ae045e1d09e9d1ce0c00f8df88f007185c80","side":"left"},{"sibling":"e2f3465fc74f48bb335c248143b3811c6e2bffa1b6671301e8a48cb5569a68db","side":"left"},{"sibling":"1fe4f74c7ddb4bf1f3105cee6c2413b68972083840bc89ce8e21eddb44153505","side":"right"},{"sibling":"841129c21a7583176cdc7de281cadfe0e00d04673461e199760cd5128d8cc2d5","side":"right"},{"sibling":"19d6dfd29bc47f35fa02e8fe765277ba9cc3e6da5072309f24ebaac5b5f295e3","side":"right"},{"sibling":"8e0ad7889eb2d4b40e5b6c3d8e2eb19d4e202374983f468aa76321823de07a9f","side":"left"},{"sibling":"aae716235efcb893a1f219dbcd5095070d08a497769fc6d50c14976aa26d5750","side":"right"},{"sibling":"a75ab4319e241beeddb1b3f5705febe0422937926c3479923ccfb0b0082fa4e3","side":"left"},{"sibling":"bd04fa605f883bfb2b81510d045b1e85e555a03da3be083619f61384dfe40ff8","side":"left"},{"sibling":"1b72ad8d12164fdf329e7871711be99d8569d140b21f94056e6962da21da9ce1","side":"right"},{"sibling":"5f5109c2bfdcc7a7e70554bba25862e2d7ce86b6b0cd48a72eb66d2eb735f321","side":"right"},{"sibling":"05fd8a05dddb2e7f72bbb5b290ca55c378f1aed709f132277908d9a5f30eb605","side":"right"},{"sibling":"1cecb7f447febd025aac272837c80de218aecc6485d2395a509b2a1f1b9c746e","side":"left"}]},"schema":"crovia.axiom_proof.v1","seal":{"first_collector_run_id":"","first_receipt_hash":"","jsonl_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl","key_id":"430895f101d38164","last_collector_run_id":"","last_receipt_hash":"","leaf_count":289613,"merkle_root":"dc428b9d9ba248d4f93f63147bf7c700bf5be7f500cec6c3507b9df6e9401601","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","run_id":"hourly_json_retrofit_20260707T053701Z","schema":"crovia.seal.v1","seal_family_version":"crovia-seal-family/1","seal_kind":"substrate_batch","sealed_at":"2026-07-07T05:38:15Z","sig_algorithm":"ed25519","signature":"c468b0e183383ab71992be40bda451093e6cd8cd8efb0d26f68e135a804b287c209d12a0f4fdd95c69c835c04b78df8cb1903dee1f53d4730b36f5332a29fe05","signer_version":"1.1.0"},"trust_root":{"key_id":"430895f101d38164","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","signature_algorithm":"ed25519","url":"/registry/canon/TRUST_ROOT.md"},"verifier":{"spec":"/registry/canon/AXIOM_RECEIPT_v1.md","url":"/v/axm_b2ea1fc2a263679fedc4c7e167d9e7ec437053bd122d0eca37a8de02ffd6d217"}}