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Not all token positions matter equally, but existing views of token importance are incomplete. We ask a direct question: which tokens carry the most useful learning signal in OPD? Our answer is that informative tokens come from two regions: positions with high student entropy, and positions with low student entropy plus high teacher--student divergence, where the student is overconfident and wrong.\n  Empirically, student entropy is a strong first-order proxy: retaining $50\\%$ of tokens with entropy-based sampling matches or exceeds all-token training while reducing peak memory by up to $47\\%$. But entropy alone misses a second important region. When we isolate low-entropy, high-divergence tokens, training on fewer than $10\\%$ of all tokens nearly matches full-token baselines, showing that overconfident token","title":"TIP: Token Importance in On-Policy Distillation","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.14084","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"summary":"arXiv:2604.14084v4 Announce Type: replace-cross \nAbstract: On-policy knowledge distillation (OPD) trains a student on its own rollouts under token-level supervision from a teacher. Not all token positions matter equally, but existing views of token importance are incomplete. We ask a direct question: which tokens carry the most useful learning signal in OPD? Our answer is that informative tokens come from two regions: positions with high student entropy, and positions with low student entropy plus high teacher--student divergence, where the student is overconfident and wrong.\n  Empirically, student entropy is a strong first-order proxy: retaining $50\\%$ of tokens with entropy-based sampling matches or exceeds all-token training while reducing peak memory by up to $47\\%$. But entropy alone misses a second important region. When we isolate low-entropy, high-divergence tokens, training on fewer than $10\\%$ of all tokens nearly matches full-token baselines, showing that overconfident token","title":"TIP: Token Importance in On-Policy Distillation","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"confidence":{"method":"deterministic"},"decision":"POSITIVE","issued_at":"2026-05-22T04:43:12Z","notes":"Spider vendor_press (news) news.vendor_press.v1","object":{"captured_by":"crovia.spider.vendor_press","primary_source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.14084"},"predecessors":[],"schema":"crovia.axiom.v1","signature":"ed25519:248e14ef9a5164deacc262e8f35f92211279e21f598df76080e07d1d1b488cb43785ec0c9642a12fad1def83610fe9c7924a53fd077876769aaf6fa2df24ae02","signer":"crovia.substrate","subject":{"observed_at":"2026-05-22T04:43:12Z","source_collector":"spider:vendor_press","target_id":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.14084"},"tsa":{"authority":"crovia.substrate.bootstrap","rfc3161_token":"{\"kind\":\"crovia.bootstrap.tsa\",\"source_jsonl\":\"/opt/crovia/spider/data/news/vendor_press_v1.jsonl\",\"source_seal_merkle_root\":\"spider_vendor_press_v1\",\"upgrade_path\":\"Sessione H \\u2014 OpenTimestamps weekly anchor\"}"},"zk_mode":"clear","zk_proof":null},"ledger":{"leaf_hash":"9fc1199990d57044bfacf3057bd54fee4d5940171d7959fe60a0f7d8d8eb9fde","leaf_index":148463,"ledger_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl"},"merkle_proof":{"hash_alg":"sha256","leaf_prefix":"0x00","node_prefix":"0x01","odd_leaf_rule":"duplicate_last","path":[{"sibling":"2552d4f2fc7f1dd9126419082067d8c0022024339b927a89c853d5a78ce30769","side":"left"},{"sibling":"9bb64f636fc0caff103b9bb816b41f2ba64e67522321b978e7955042e82f90f7","side":"left"},{"sibling":"faf5a86a913ba811e2d2490e3213383a93b70cedf879a41576c9abe4daa4a404","side":"left"},{"sibling":"86275baf394b75e531ebfe1de3b0964c4348a2b63023c54c3333a3e78dc4d8b9","side":"left"},{"sibling":"3a9366dc48648639578cc1b8c2bf3601a7b1146aceab5b0cc886155d77874bec","side":"right"},{"sibling":"aac0a67d982a8a56aa1e6c1a7e85d296a7c628706001055d4cd4a1198acfde64","side":"left"},{"sibling":"aceda386eeb461be8d916aae46f429d11515d6911251d4a2391679ac476d82b5","side":"left"},{"sibling":"753da9fa5ffb91dd383318229c9999d218b1611b357943fc0739373f06f55d17","side":"left"},{"sibling":"e6aaada16cbe58b790855c6723700fd07821cc6df59048dc470d404b1ba60842","side":"left"},{"sibling":"d337a9fdcfc121e9691d8db9173af6a3fe0c33d4a6d5f0c8a7a01af04f9fb856","side":"left"},{"sibling":"8b39e07457f5cc5d687d2ae42284dbe705bb87084e7db4b626aff81e51dacd19","side":"right"},{"sibling":"79a713e1e345ccb99c5fe994a11708c8e9bcfa2e91f940d70421cb7d8d77ecc6","side":"right"},{"sibling":"249870fb494bef050c409081e5de45f9042938d7b2823524ee496f296aa63667","side":"right"},{"sibling":"96c48ee8328f1b7925a4cc4421df5cb0bd81c92a5d8354c93126fa5f0166d225","side":"right"},{"sibling":"35ca36cee447f0ef7064a25d55f59357c66901e31427729c4c1d8b14aa8adb6c","side":"left"},{"sibling":"4e13b4a3e69bb83d13913477a782913ce03937edd65046853c1964d3cbb6564b","side":"right"},{"sibling":"0f7b2df1c4580bf7bb7c24b9158ba20593a06af18a5f18d0973e5eff20c35cd8","side":"right"},{"sibling":"d841ad93efda0869e5eb97678f348f03f5caab4353e05ff4bf18f47fb945b822","side":"left"}]},"schema":"crovia.axiom_proof.v1","seal":{"first_collector_run_id":"","first_receipt_hash":"","jsonl_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl","key_id":"430895f101d38164","last_collector_run_id":"","last_receipt_hash":"","leaf_count":148601,"merkle_root":"44900cffd986f40535c83f46a250e86fbf1019d41f27080a00fbf9b8d77ec33a","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","run_id":"hourly_json_retrofit_20260524T133701Z","schema":"crovia.seal.v1","seal_family_version":"crovia-seal-family/1","seal_kind":"substrate_batch","sealed_at":"2026-05-24T13:37:32Z","sig_algorithm":"ed25519","signature":"059e428c3c5241de303721ad6ac7b748758372180f3f0a717810312aecd6fab073abb3ea264157666de581a2b361c4c6e2aa8ca081b08ce9be090721f0e3400e","signer_version":"1.1.0"},"trust_root":{"key_id":"430895f101d38164","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","signature_algorithm":"ed25519","url":"/registry/canon/TRUST_ROOT.md"},"verifier":{"spec":"/registry/canon/AXIOM_RECEIPT_v1.md","url":"/v/axm_b5d5d72ba892ab99ed0422da8c5442ec2d1876afd403cbf84a31748419f23c4f"}}