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However, an observed token can be non-unique, noisy, or misaligned with the model prior. Strictly fitting toward this one-hot target may be suboptimal, especially when the pretrained model encodes a rich knowledge prior. In this work, we reinterpret SFT as target distribution design: instead of studying only the loss objective, we analyze the token-level target that the loss drives the model to match. We introduce the Q-target framework, which decomposes SFT supervision into two explicit choices: (1) how strongly to rely on the observed token, and (2) how to allocate the remaining probability mass over alternatives. This perspective unifies many existing SFT variants as implicit choices of the target distribution Q. Building on this view, we propose Target-SFT which constructs the training objective directly from the desired tar","title":"A Unifying Lens on Supervised Fine-Tuning Through Target Distribution Design","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.11189","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"summary":"arXiv:2606.11189v1 Announce Type: cross \nAbstract: Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) typically maximizes the likelihood of every token in a demonstrated trajectory. However, an observed token can be non-unique, noisy, or misaligned with the model prior. Strictly fitting toward this one-hot target may be suboptimal, especially when the pretrained model encodes a rich knowledge prior. In this work, we reinterpret SFT as target distribution design: instead of studying only the loss objective, we analyze the token-level target that the loss drives the model to match. 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Building on this view, we propose Target-SFT which constructs the training objective directly from the desired tar","title":"A Unifying Lens on Supervised Fine-Tuning Through Target Distribution Design","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"confidence":{"method":"deterministic"},"decision":"POSITIVE","issued_at":"2026-06-10T04:43:37Z","notes":"Spider vendor_press (news) news.vendor_press.v1","object":{"captured_by":"crovia.spider.vendor_press","primary_source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.11189"},"predecessors":[],"schema":"crovia.axiom.v1","signature":"ed25519:1b8238d53621fe01724663f381c37e88196d4d0c5180ac03a98d695a87eaabe74c8bca25a1c85edc8b8730852b2fa7c7cd53b0c6667ef279d78a7ef2d78c9f0e","signer":"crovia.substrate","subject":{"observed_at":"2026-06-10T04:43:37Z","source_collector":"spider:vendor_press","target_id":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.11189"},"tsa":{"authority":"crovia.substrate.bootstrap","rfc3161_token":"{\"kind\":\"crovia.bootstrap.tsa\",\"source_jsonl\":\"/opt/crovia/spider/data/news/vendor_press_v1.jsonl\",\"source_seal_merkle_root\":\"spider_vendor_press_v1\",\"upgrade_path\":\"Sessione H \\u2014 OpenTimestamps weekly anchor\"}"},"zk_mode":"clear","zk_proof":null},"ledger":{"leaf_hash":"207a4478063810110868cba96a4adb620923d189455b4bcfcecb7a6b4c10fd1e","leaf_index":226123,"ledger_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl"},"merkle_proof":{"hash_alg":"sha256","leaf_prefix":"0x00","node_prefix":"0x01","odd_leaf_rule":"duplicate_last","path":[{"sibling":"ec163bbf11c0dff4b72da911b1f75661f8df24a18a0e67920e8e997b1c55f413","side":"left"},{"sibling":"c242ee6459fea3a532b70c47fce8bf784a250320726d3b1bc751b8cceb8f7691","side":"left"},{"sibling":"83c8e85a97e6ef2e1789a43a937653c48729847a116ee50c2c59c36543f31ef3","side":"right"},{"sibling":"7f3c2e846ae8890a0685d45ec3ec6149626039373883cf0fb58bdaa8e49ad9f1","side":"left"},{"sibling":"6d61498a9373367fb4b6e32566ee2038009bcb6b611b7792a9304910ea09b9be","side":"right"},{"sibling":"2ee12d5b009abe0086e35e2ae134b79dd68d8a6bf6849547e4b0c90973f95c98","side":"right"},{"sibling":"c20ffe9501388a4e560b300f20c62c7cd1bd74b8c3502a50047853354b09279c","side":"left"},{"sibling":"670eed753a274b9b7494adeace1b88e7adfaecd7eeaa78b82e0fc83a75d20865","side":"right"},{"sibling":"b180cfc3f8638c912e90139ec42e2e3fd9b67b3fe342b36e8954314633ae5f61","side":"left"},{"sibling":"a4d17aefe58175050dc159af6246658fcf1c9f3ed57aacf1b350fc3261de4e69","side":"left"},{"sibling":"280b980aa0c7756b0b0cb22658f26466d36f0e70fbc3312cd2311d9898e30b8f","side":"right"},{"sibling":"c98954d4b658b1dda60fe52576fcf9bf21a2d49c67fb63f8c30f16ab5f721938","side":"right"},{"sibling":"cdb58f86163046d3b15f857b03372ec75e1ad9ea4548e086793d528b9eed364d","side":"left"},{"sibling":"533d82482604463aa4a281b9d8b85917b383b7c5f924b2b494039524c55e8797","side":"left"},{"sibling":"b2590791b920ca2a4ed39de126d2c0b1a10d9e7e62f572f12425f214e767b6e1","side":"left"},{"sibling":"6cea4964f32722eb370847c2f7c9d6a9f0622c239538b07e6815a59d6fd8d49c","side":"right"},{"sibling":"c300cf0154c136afc09b1702a0be98f4ba5b6dc5cf57e8cc714ec1eaf4196eff","side":"left"},{"sibling":"d841ad93efda0869e5eb97678f348f03f5caab4353e05ff4bf18f47fb945b822","side":"left"}]},"schema":"crovia.axiom_proof.v1","seal":{"first_collector_run_id":"","first_receipt_hash":"","jsonl_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl","key_id":"430895f101d38164","last_collector_run_id":"","last_receipt_hash":"","leaf_count":228173,"merkle_root":"7e416202c0bfd759bd2eea4236713b403993d99793fe8badb5065040080bece3","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","run_id":"hourly_json_retrofit_20260611T143708Z","schema":"crovia.seal.v1","seal_family_version":"crovia-seal-family/1","seal_kind":"substrate_batch","sealed_at":"2026-06-11T21:59:35Z","sig_algorithm":"ed25519","signature":"231c80024bc3982dd493c45b31af95097e97aabc6d712a4e5bad7d0cbdd3c08e01ff395b0f8e72754bac97016e0cd0eed88b8a13cb71edbbcb9b6d72c10a7b03","signer_version":"1.1.0"},"trust_root":{"key_id":"430895f101d38164","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","signature_algorithm":"ed25519","url":"/registry/canon/TRUST_ROOT.md"},"verifier":{"spec":"/registry/canon/AXIOM_RECEIPT_v1.md","url":"/v/axm_b7e0f15624fa3ef60c921e8b38b1acb1e9cdcb442ae4d9249c9c4a4a5f19dd1d"}}