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Does alignment also generalize cross-linguistically, and what governs the variation? We test this using fMRI data from 112 participants across English, Chinese, and French (the Le Petit Prince corpus) and seven LLMs spanning English-dominant, Chinese-dominant, and multilingual architectures. Our central finding is that training-language dominance, not an inherent property of English, drives the alignment pattern: a Chinese-dominant model (Baichuan2-7B), architecture-matched to LLaMA-2-7B, reverses the gradient entirely, aligning best with Chinese brains and worst with English. Beyond training dominance, formal typological distance independently covaries with alignment degradation, syntax-associated brain regions (IFG) show $2.3\\times$ steeper typological gradients than lexico-semantic regions (PTL), and ","title":"Brain-LLM Alignment Tracks Training Data, Not Typology","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.23032","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"summary":"arXiv:2605.23032v1 Announce Type: cross \nAbstract: Brain-LLM alignment is well established in English, yet the brain's language network is neuroanatomically universal across languages. Does alignment also generalize cross-linguistically, and what governs the variation? We test this using fMRI data from 112 participants across English, Chinese, and French (the Le Petit Prince corpus) and seven LLMs spanning English-dominant, Chinese-dominant, and multilingual architectures. Our central finding is that training-language dominance, not an inherent property of English, drives the alignment pattern: a Chinese-dominant model (Baichuan2-7B), architecture-matched to LLaMA-2-7B, reverses the gradient entirely, aligning best with Chinese brains and worst with English. Beyond training dominance, formal typological distance independently covaries with alignment degradation, syntax-associated brain regions (IFG) show $2.3\\times$ steeper typological gradients than lexico-semantic regions (PTL), and ","title":"Brain-LLM Alignment Tracks Training Data, Not Typology","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"confidence":{"method":"deterministic"},"decision":"POSITIVE","issued_at":"2026-05-25T04:43:48Z","notes":"Spider vendor_press (news) news.vendor_press.v1","object":{"captured_by":"crovia.spider.vendor_press","primary_source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.23032"},"predecessors":[],"schema":"crovia.axiom.v1","signature":"ed25519:fccc4f3c36c7a0296ebfd5f467d68a034ddc43b4429bc309b52a076b71761a388df9e89cad51788bf0a902dc8d6ddbef52fb1b2a4a53a51848311aa99ef6d904","signer":"crovia.substrate","subject":{"observed_at":"2026-05-25T04:43:48Z","source_collector":"spider:vendor_press","target_id":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.23032"},"tsa":{"authority":"crovia.substrate.bootstrap","rfc3161_token":"{\"kind\":\"crovia.bootstrap.tsa\",\"source_jsonl\":\"/opt/crovia/spider/data/news/vendor_press_v1.jsonl\",\"source_seal_merkle_root\":\"spider_vendor_press_v1\",\"upgrade_path\":\"Sessione H \\u2014 OpenTimestamps weekly anchor\"}"},"zk_mode":"clear","zk_proof":null},"ledger":{"leaf_hash":"c6a86f5a79c6f8a26c4af3f451f3c85cfa78d1cb2cfc3e38d5195ba51f52c495","leaf_index":149563,"ledger_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl"},"merkle_proof":{"hash_alg":"sha256","leaf_prefix":"0x00","node_prefix":"0x01","odd_leaf_rule":"duplicate_last","path":[{"sibling":"ed871891157d6f8a80e3c9b8236458a09acc890180b1a1a2510b5aba6a65cf08","side":"left"},{"sibling":"a98c16d560694be57a9f32f876827b5f4dd7be38e39abeac2540ccadf514da74","side":"left"},{"sibling":"5422a39bcb50ede44621c36ae715a87f2ffe68c4fcc5864e9c12c3aefd59fc87","side":"right"},{"sibling":"31673e9aa460da4be183ae0a9ef70b36f7ec68befbae609fe7d40f9cdbe995cc","side":"left"},{"sibling":"034d73cfafa5f79d4f5f817f5580fb0790a369e480ebf6f885aaaf29c2f10d7b","side":"left"},{"sibling":"5d82a4502bc6c1b5804c9d3b2cc9d506308adc2d6dece94d4c45bccd7e747581","side":"left"},{"sibling":"41d4554111aa829261efa3223e3f2b1b1fb1b33ad3d07b6e2fc8da8c0728c9dc","side":"right"},{"sibling":"d1061d17b49728c47097edde7c7b5b412447bff3df4a459862df4fa81f21f616","side":"right"},{"sibling":"e044acc52c31efe134c902c984299ea3452b42df993d096ed61ad8be9d530bbc","side":"right"},{"sibling":"6be461ecf12dedf98a31921aa7b5c32d4a32df6897e0f697b8bf1a4ba3e2d324","side":"right"},{"sibling":"c2861a8cef3eb66bf2726aa377c24a6bf6e8b7489dcd0e870b61d62a35ccadfb","side":"right"},{"sibling":"134949308b15cffd6792ee2cf678119af34d69a64764d7c89cd47573c94e1cda","side":"left"},{"sibling":"debbc1a6232ea7970009b91bdc2345041b2de5ac59551f955855d579001e512c","side":"right"},{"sibling":"216869846f40bd905626884f58cb67b9019e488b3656946a7808c436ab7339ac","side":"right"},{"sibling":"35ca36cee447f0ef7064a25d55f59357c66901e31427729c4c1d8b14aa8adb6c","side":"left"},{"sibling":"e734b0c6d6d13acb5f4cf00367b3913e5bbf1aa717377aa4e4820c6de24b7673","side":"right"},{"sibling":"4bbb7f78e96179bb9cdd06d7207b66b3503ab68e4880438263025b04ebe8f7ec","side":"right"},{"sibling":"d841ad93efda0869e5eb97678f348f03f5caab4353e05ff4bf18f47fb945b822","side":"left"}]},"schema":"crovia.axiom_proof.v1","seal":{"first_collector_run_id":"","first_receipt_hash":"","jsonl_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl","key_id":"430895f101d38164","last_collector_run_id":"","last_receipt_hash":"","leaf_count":149835,"merkle_root":"51484a548bc0cf3d178eec868e98935c87f0aa83369143b7c96b048585e5ba01","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","run_id":"hourly_json_retrofit_20260525T053701Z","schema":"crovia.seal.v1","seal_family_version":"crovia-seal-family/1","seal_kind":"substrate_batch","sealed_at":"2026-05-25T05:37:33Z","sig_algorithm":"ed25519","signature":"99a657e53a015ace0bade5d7fbb3f60f950b6d1e1128251a63afcc454a492422cae5efdc0c18503b4f7e62f371bd48f2889be78d9048c4681d6c1e73f754d705","signer_version":"1.1.0"},"trust_root":{"key_id":"430895f101d38164","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","signature_algorithm":"ed25519","url":"/registry/canon/TRUST_ROOT.md"},"verifier":{"spec":"/registry/canon/AXIOM_RECEIPT_v1.md","url":"/v/axm_bcf8953a0f12bd9dcf80a364676056a3acf9698eb18557d9a425ddd770d187d7"}}