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Here, we adapt the Implicit Association Test (IAT) to a controlled, forced-choice framework and introduce a two-stage modeling approach that separates response compliance from task-consistent classification. Across three contemporary LLMs (Claude Sonnet-4, Gemini 2.5 Pro, and GPT-5), we evaluate associative interference, defined as reduced task-consistency in incongruent relative to congruent conditions. While compliance with the structured response format was uniformly high, interference effects varied substantially across models and domains. Claude Sonnet-4 exhibited strong interference in the Gender--Career domain (DeltaP = 0.086, 95% CrI [0.026, 0.173]) and smaller but credible effe","title":"A Two-Stage Statistical Framework for Evaluating Associative Interference in Large Language Models","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.14117","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"summary":"arXiv:2606.14117v1 Announce Type: cross \nAbstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly evaluated for bias using adaptations of human psychological paradigms, yet methodological limitations-particularly the conflation of refusal behavior with task performance-have hindered clear interpretation. Here, we adapt the Implicit Association Test (IAT) to a controlled, forced-choice framework and introduce a two-stage modeling approach that separates response compliance from task-consistent classification. Across three contemporary LLMs (Claude Sonnet-4, Gemini 2.5 Pro, and GPT-5), we evaluate associative interference, defined as reduced task-consistency in incongruent relative to congruent conditions. While compliance with the structured response format was uniformly high, interference effects varied substantially across models and domains. Claude Sonnet-4 exhibited strong interference in the Gender--Career domain (DeltaP = 0.086, 95% CrI [0.026, 0.173]) and smaller but credible effe","title":"A Two-Stage Statistical Framework for Evaluating Associative Interference in Large Language Models","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"confidence":{"method":"deterministic"},"decision":"POSITIVE","issued_at":"2026-06-15T04:43:09Z","notes":"Spider vendor_press (news) news.vendor_press.v1","object":{"captured_by":"crovia.spider.vendor_press","primary_source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.14117"},"predecessors":[],"schema":"crovia.axiom.v1","signature":"ed25519:113313bc4bdb2b1f884de3f8a5bf736021be94a17b5c20ebb6f92ccd7ebe0eb9de5cb39389b510c2302f13d9537071003fd2cde215dc9efc8b1a5ebc97c68b0b","signer":"crovia.substrate","subject":{"observed_at":"2026-06-15T04:43:09Z","source_collector":"spider:vendor_press","target_id":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.14117"},"tsa":{"authority":"crovia.substrate.bootstrap","rfc3161_token":"{\"kind\":\"crovia.bootstrap.tsa\",\"source_jsonl\":\"/opt/crovia/spider/data/news/vendor_press_v1.jsonl\",\"source_seal_merkle_root\":\"spider_vendor_press_v1\",\"upgrade_path\":\"Sessione H \\u2014 OpenTimestamps weekly anchor\"}"},"zk_mode":"clear","zk_proof":null},"ledger":{"leaf_hash":"1499158a2f1012a3f8b1f3e490186a13f79b72c49115a709d2c8ab0770524cbb","leaf_index":230013,"ledger_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl"},"merkle_proof":{"hash_alg":"sha256","leaf_prefix":"0x00","node_prefix":"0x01","odd_leaf_rule":"duplicate_last","path":[{"sibling":"37b7f759f7c774baa553eacf268aa7f6840f50c093bb3e655a669c69b2580d6f","side":"left"},{"sibling":"080a155bfeeb29d6d1998d72878bd4b8ba92bf9c4009fdbfa813179a1eb1e81f","side":"right"},{"sibling":"5b0e9667b2755309894c5c6ba07ad58701f6fabeea2091fcd38e9aade000b14a","side":"left"},{"sibling":"18008c78c3cae3cc8ccafdf2f992c57685f49dd43ae36884f83f55a9c01c8cb3","side":"left"},{"sibling":"4d5cf1581a06a76072f1d96516426111171dfacc7dbd303b664069a0d368052f","side":"left"},{"sibling":"15c7fa039e175ce0f712492615dfce0e41e6c163de1d1403564273783f4007bd","side":"left"},{"sibling":"117727e77823a42d7a3da4dfbc182b574e2d826f75958c69340ae784488a0cfe","side":"left"},{"sibling":"bc1002bb7e3da047b8a7c8f3990db61fb56edf499868605dc0c31aa0dee387b7","side":"right"},{"sibling":"14c50c43949e1ad41f149ffea691627d3f715c5861766c693b9fbac9d03b0d90","side":"right"},{"sibling":"74897e850164dddc689c3c65b33f9bae0268ab0bf429867a4e193d9b9b685040","side":"left"},{"sibling":"bde25d7e94e64717e426a97f6fcb4907e92b5c61fc89d92d7e0947a2249c3f6b","side":"right"},{"sibling":"d10d772a4984cae00e65ab24af21d1d260e475bbaae3f17871859eb705bd3999","side":"right"},{"sibling":"e79159853f2f35ddae8e3247d515e433c534277b287d65bbd77ae989aa4992fa","side":"right"},{"sibling":"3054319f1840cce0eaaf0bc4b1ae38e5bf8b6210927d924a750775cc7d77cca6","side":"right"},{"sibling":"0fd8b5059f279c4a4a6688de2472fdbc25543fee183df19b21dacca880354cff","side":"right"},{"sibling":"a04392fb9f2a3a620840e3b3fecd93d12e6d224e481c162389d8ae64e7194599","side":"left"},{"sibling":"c300cf0154c136afc09b1702a0be98f4ba5b6dc5cf57e8cc714ec1eaf4196eff","side":"left"},{"sibling":"d841ad93efda0869e5eb97678f348f03f5caab4353e05ff4bf18f47fb945b822","side":"left"}]},"schema":"crovia.axiom_proof.v1","seal":{"first_collector_run_id":"","first_receipt_hash":"","jsonl_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl","key_id":"430895f101d38164","last_collector_run_id":"","last_receipt_hash":"","leaf_count":232015,"merkle_root":"62bfb7809bb55667ad7eeebdb48267b9b2c1ee89bb808ea1e6d3a814a15aa402","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","run_id":"hourly_json_retrofit_20260617T133701Z","schema":"crovia.seal.v1","seal_family_version":"crovia-seal-family/1","seal_kind":"substrate_batch","sealed_at":"2026-06-17T13:39:59Z","sig_algorithm":"ed25519","signature":"930a3563c643cc7518d048b12a1f5392a96a5edce49533ba0a56f11b6cc69319bb1c800aacc46b52a6941c4d05dae255a45cac757d6093c971b96852c24f140e","signer_version":"1.1.0"},"trust_root":{"key_id":"430895f101d38164","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","signature_algorithm":"ed25519","url":"/registry/canon/TRUST_ROOT.md"},"verifier":{"spec":"/registry/canon/AXIOM_RECEIPT_v1.md","url":"/v/axm_bdcb9b1ae7e5d03524e13774539dc6f3b32877fc16a85f0db849a610c36dd1a4"}}