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However, there is still limited exploration of abductive reasoning. The multi-perspective and multi-level of causes is one of the core challenges of abductive reasoning, which cannot be solved well by existing methods. We construct a specialized dataset named DeepAbduction, which is designed for tracing the causes of pollution and disease, addressing the lack of datasets in this field. We propose \\textsc{Inverse-Forward Abductive Reasoning} (IFAR) framework for LLMs multi-perspective and multi-level abductive reasoning. IFAR is zero-shot and combines generalized backward reasoning with relation-by-relation forward verification. Experimental results show that IFAR achieves an improvement of approximately 40\\% in the F1 score compared to other methods under mainstream LLMs, while maintaining a balance between recall a","title":"IFAR: Multi-Perspective and Multi-Level Causal Discovery with LLMs","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.05559","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"summary":"arXiv:2409.05559v2 Announce Type: replace \nAbstract: Large language models (LLMs) have developed rapidly, and their reasoning capabilities have become a hot research topic. However, there is still limited exploration of abductive reasoning. The multi-perspective and multi-level of causes is one of the core challenges of abductive reasoning, which cannot be solved well by existing methods. We construct a specialized dataset named DeepAbduction, which is designed for tracing the causes of pollution and disease, addressing the lack of datasets in this field. We propose \\textsc{Inverse-Forward Abductive Reasoning} (IFAR) framework for LLMs multi-perspective and multi-level abductive reasoning. IFAR is zero-shot and combines generalized backward reasoning with relation-by-relation forward verification. Experimental results show that IFAR achieves an improvement of approximately 40\\% in the F1 score compared to other methods under mainstream LLMs, while maintaining a balance between recall a","title":"IFAR: Multi-Perspective and Multi-Level Causal Discovery with LLMs","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"confidence":{"method":"deterministic"},"decision":"POSITIVE","issued_at":"2026-07-10T04:43:53Z","notes":"Spider vendor_press (news) news.vendor_press.v1","object":{"captured_by":"crovia.spider.vendor_press","primary_source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.05559"},"predecessors":[],"schema":"crovia.axiom.v1","signature":"ed25519:b5fad2a733d2f4e49c41719991a2c9da3d7e216c47fc7784c80d8e7d7c147680bdc1e2faecc32b3ad164c26cbf8db9d22d35f987525c2f6a0b2d810ed5763508","signer":"crovia.substrate","subject":{"observed_at":"2026-07-10T04:43:53Z","source_collector":"spider:vendor_press","target_id":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.05559"},"tsa":{"authority":"crovia.substrate.bootstrap","rfc3161_token":"{\"kind\":\"crovia.bootstrap.tsa\",\"source_jsonl\":\"/opt/crovia/spider/data/news/vendor_press_v1.jsonl\",\"source_seal_merkle_root\":\"spider_vendor_press_v1\",\"upgrade_path\":\"Sessione H \\u2014 OpenTimestamps weekly anchor\"}"},"zk_mode":"clear","zk_proof":null},"ledger":{"leaf_hash":"3bc88c1f9703e920d02d274823ff861fcb4c4c41779125bfabd237ce4451f142","leaf_index":299509,"ledger_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl"},"merkle_proof":{"hash_alg":"sha256","leaf_prefix":"0x00","node_prefix":"0x01","odd_leaf_rule":"duplicate_last","path":[{"sibling":"b9595fd9e852e36f4d7e982d6a6fc6b10afdee27b275b636b7514f102a131809","side":"left"},{"sibling":"876d314342765dccacdfab69fa94e4fbeb4f7d50bba37b9a6ebad694c9521cb5","side":"right"},{"sibling":"521908be775f102b1cb5a3e6a3b305305feb2d992f7cf9c887fdd54ab7acc1fc","side":"left"},{"sibling":"4f853d15e8b7382b42d140d9fa14133ce9b5ed1fac2e22d60a886a0254d4694c","side":"right"},{"sibling":"c21f29407248633afb08c2a86e6963f642dccb36cb2a7d3734060791238527d3","side":"left"},{"sibling":"1e8021b095c74bdab85562264f566a914165bb59331cdb96722f48e8df9f939a","side":"left"},{"sibling":"7a96803ed93140d8d4c0e1fe53c891fc73447ccfce6e55b7c43e7a06979f307a","side":"left"},{"sibling":"b1b72243c904808d4df9b283c65832a729a411520c97fd9d17f891f214971a0a","side":"left"},{"sibling":"2c5ce75ad134aa442d7fbb5dc9968b0f2e48097c2ffaa2111d405de1c4a9c48b","side":"left"},{"sibling":"36a2c507282befad57202dd10278a66d37b402692f195a22d2275b3d1b2488d8","side":"right"},{"sibling":"f80e8d47e0860527b906fc2dba9a52609f7f623f2772479ae922cc019bab36d9","side":"right"},{"sibling":"cae83500ab2c25555aa6b5eaf9232696d15a868d91b34f7531dd955daadf70f7","side":"right"},{"sibling":"64dab64d51bdcb909e2a5e37efb8909d6704ecf824be484b5d2b60ee6e518890","side":"left"},{"sibling":"576f134a23c19a758ae5efd53016092a74b9900e878cf6eb4f3dab6be682b395","side":"right"},{"sibling":"3c65f53d7c3e4feba7c745e8df1327760ffa768eec84336db14d515a31731532","side":"right"},{"sibling":"d8b9143917b539c543cf4448cec00131f8b807bd8004979c54ebe09798748c66","side":"left"},{"sibling":"8728642cdb98496d916cc653f0d919d7eb2e89d0c529927c9e89091074ad584c","side":"right"},{"sibling":"8025674cb002a22ae243ca0c295c18c1d0ee119189ea88e08ac14a3a1468b8e3","side":"right"},{"sibling":"1cecb7f447febd025aac272837c80de218aecc6485d2395a509b2a1f1b9c746e","side":"left"}]},"schema":"crovia.axiom_proof.v1","seal":{"first_collector_run_id":"","first_receipt_hash":"","jsonl_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl","key_id":"430895f101d38164","last_collector_run_id":"","last_receipt_hash":"","leaf_count":299721,"merkle_root":"f7115d63193d3285ca28cb9f741ecea2513f9b3e492e785f97076f3cf8f9bb98","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","run_id":"hourly_json_retrofit_20260710T053701Z","schema":"crovia.seal.v1","seal_family_version":"crovia-seal-family/1","seal_kind":"substrate_batch","sealed_at":"2026-07-10T05:38:19Z","sig_algorithm":"ed25519","signature":"4eeedeb744885bff6523d66b1cb86bde62b36917696367addfd980d90b31011daece2e01b20608e4c0870ec31dd0bcb57d297447f01f153bf0716ad527142b00","signer_version":"1.1.0"},"trust_root":{"key_id":"430895f101d38164","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","signature_algorithm":"ed25519","url":"/registry/canon/TRUST_ROOT.md"},"verifier":{"spec":"/registry/canon/AXIOM_RECEIPT_v1.md","url":"/v/axm_cdc7a153eef7f334371cb58e1a12215844bf52fd87855d51cee44ee195279ae3"}}