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Filed 06/24/26 Page 3 of 55 permission and without any compensation to the Publishers, Defendants scraped, copied, and ingested that content to build and commercialize their generative artificial intelligence (“GenAI”) products, including ChatGPT and Microsoft Copilot. Those products have generated hundreds of billions of dollars (and counting) in market value for Defendants. Not a cent of it has gone to the Publishers whose work made it possible. 2. Using automated systems


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