{"_canonicalization":{"envelope_id":"axm_ + sha256(envelope minus {signature, axiom_id, anchors})","envelope_signature":"ed25519(envelope minus {signature, axiom_id})","json":"sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False, allow_nan=False, utf-8","leaf_hash":"sha256(0x00 || canonical_json(envelope_full))","seal_signature":"ed25519(seal minus {signature, sig_algorithm})"},"axiom_id":"axm_de377d1b7744bf2c3b7d5d7532755fdcbc2b98e6e7b82355510fb53e718d97e2","bitcoin_anchor":{"bitcoin_attestations":[],"calendar_attestations":[],"ots_url":"","stamped_at":"","status":"pending_next_stamp"},"envelope":{"anchors":[{"chain":"crovia.axiom_graph","height":0,"merkle_proof":"spider_vendor_press_v1","root_at_anchor":"spider_vendor_press_v1"}],"axiom_id":"axm_de377d1b7744bf2c3b7d5d7532755fdcbc2b98e6e7b82355510fb53e718d97e2","axiom_type":"AX.OBS","body":{"axiom_subtype":"news.vendor_press.v1","category":"news","fingerprint":"0921371e4328b9d00fb97c70c9fbd5b16d145b014347b2a756153fe80323fdfa","published":"Tue, 19 May 2026 00:00:00 -0400","receipt_hash":"0921371e4328b9d00fb97c70c9fbd5b16d145b014347b2a756153fe80323fdfa","schema":"spider.news.vendor_press.v1","spider":"vendor_press","spider_record":{"axiom_subtype":"news.vendor_press.v1","category":"news","decision_hint":"POSITIVE","envelope_target":"AX.OBS","fingerprint":"0921371e4328b9d00fb97c70c9fbd5b16d145b014347b2a756153fe80323fdfa","observed_at":"2026-05-19T04:43:36.782648Z","parent_run_hash":"fefa4c726316a95c5dda9fc1ca07a38a811cf7ffa9825b2f09b365abacd9b32d","published":"Tue, 19 May 2026 00:00:00 -0400","runtime_version":"0.1.0","schema":"spider.news.vendor_press.v1","source_status":200,"source_url":"https://export.arxiv.org/rss/cs.AI","spider":"vendor_press","summary_excerpt":"arXiv:2605.07263v2 Announce Type: replace-cross \nAbstract: Over-the-air federated learning (OTA-FL) reduces uplink latency by aggregating client updates directly over the wireless multiple-access channel. Coherent analog aggregation realizes this idea by aligning the phases and amplitudes of simultaneously transmitted waveforms, which typically requires synchronization, instantaneous channel-state information (CSI), phase compensation, and power control. Noncoherent energy detection removes the need for phase-coherent combining, but a single energy measurement is nonnegative and, therefore, cannot represent signed model updates.\n  This paper introduces resource-element energy difference (REED), a noncoherent physical-layer primitive for continuous signed aggregation. REED maps the positive and negative parts of each real-valued update to transmit energies on paired orthogonal resource elements and estimates the signed sum by subtracting the corresponding received energies. The construc","title":"Resource-Element Energy Difference for Noncoherent Over-the-Air Federated Learning","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.07263","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"summary":"arXiv:2605.07263v2 Announce Type: replace-cross \nAbstract: Over-the-air federated learning (OTA-FL) reduces uplink latency by aggregating client updates directly over the wireless multiple-access channel. Coherent analog aggregation realizes this idea by aligning the phases and amplitudes of simultaneously transmitted waveforms, which typically requires synchronization, instantaneous channel-state information (CSI), phase compensation, and power control. Noncoherent energy detection removes the need for phase-coherent combining, but a single energy measurement is nonnegative and, therefore, cannot represent signed model updates.\n  This paper introduces resource-element energy difference (REED), a noncoherent physical-layer primitive for continuous signed aggregation. REED maps the positive and negative parts of each real-valued update to transmit energies on paired orthogonal resource elements and estimates the signed sum by subtracting the corresponding received energies. The construc","title":"Resource-Element Energy Difference for Noncoherent Over-the-Air Federated Learning","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"confidence":{"method":"deterministic"},"decision":"POSITIVE","issued_at":"2026-05-19T04:43:36Z","notes":"Spider vendor_press (news) news.vendor_press.v1","object":{"captured_by":"crovia.spider.vendor_press","primary_source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.07263"},"predecessors":[],"schema":"crovia.axiom.v1","signature":"ed25519:3146ab4ab71c2d153e6841f4f43491ec9d9f9258a2e407ab630339f3eb874df8d971cc0a039117381233571d2bbd72e20a87f237cf36dee367c737e3cc9afb04","signer":"crovia.substrate","subject":{"observed_at":"2026-05-19T04:43:36Z","source_collector":"spider:vendor_press","target_id":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.07263"},"tsa":{"authority":"crovia.substrate.bootstrap","rfc3161_token":"{\"kind\":\"crovia.bootstrap.tsa\",\"source_jsonl\":\"/opt/crovia/spider/data/news/vendor_press_v1.jsonl\",\"source_seal_merkle_root\":\"spider_vendor_press_v1\",\"upgrade_path\":\"Sessione H \\u2014 OpenTimestamps weekly anchor\"}"},"zk_mode":"clear","zk_proof":null},"ledger":{"leaf_hash":"be5b5d88533dd817b4ef3f42f017e5113017ca0c9a3ec1477bcb2f7b4193658d","leaf_index":143220,"ledger_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl"},"merkle_proof":{"hash_alg":"sha256","leaf_prefix":"0x00","node_prefix":"0x01","odd_leaf_rule":"duplicate_last","path":[{"sibling":"8ca6ae350a98c2ea48920fa4f95cc5d4cddf483bdc144e5b6b0b5e4ba8d678e1","side":"right"},{"sibling":"d694a6eb8cd7f38f517b7554aed0b6785825e64434f060eaeed04d1b7e20dc40","side":"right"},{"sibling":"df5bed90c39fe6719c2a60490e2e2f9964ac3deeb468339245ae696fa1c4c20d","side":"left"},{"sibling":"e8b1e597f7733a61af1994ca7bdab3a2dfbf3162557cc587077875584344243d","side":"right"},{"sibling":"e65147fa576fdf0cf2c8b9635bc736be38330b71d98dd6cc9b657767d741987a","side":"left"},{"sibling":"5dad6386ffb49e60936803c095332e0bc5865e7f3ca69e43f32881f4ec5bb7f2","side":"left"},{"sibling":"d1fb94274b8481dad6b8edcb50724352d9f6aa9e4c5ef7ad6392960664390822","side":"left"},{"sibling":"4b6dab10c74fb2a96436053a067988cc08e1b2f810f1362c194b7439e788d860","side":"right"},{"sibling":"b986468aca0b7804b8a608705cafc663139e79ff550a69be0b9dd58ec70714f7","side":"left"},{"sibling":"db97141c585f6a1e6bebe92b3ea300ea0f38a2321ca286d85850b11b2dd162a6","side":"left"},{"sibling":"202f1bead178ef3785968d50d3d188264a95192a077654c331612e04a34cbfbe","side":"left"},{"sibling":"72249c8c8b068386e35d16f4bd0bbeb9ba820ca217ef0f0d28396c9fe493f5f0","side":"left"},{"sibling":"ea64599340f7ffdf17ad0cbc1d9401ef8870a347e3847bdc106d06b1673df09c","side":"right"},{"sibling":"8f4c0fbe56b6c010fbb8c782ebcd478079bb3f991d8704e2534209a075d9163c","side":"left"},{"sibling":"4db1f363729507e27a60851cf6ed334d7b9acdef194ed7d419aba4d2bd367a4a","side":"right"},{"sibling":"a86ee18c45e7fcc408b6007eaece05aa75b2d9ae30252e9e878462b4dffbef7b","side":"right"},{"sibling":"1d18e7663d43ccff0122ecc7ee12645bb16afb607b218e81b1ea2408f863cb78","side":"right"},{"sibling":"d841ad93efda0869e5eb97678f348f03f5caab4353e05ff4bf18f47fb945b822","side":"left"}]},"schema":"crovia.axiom_proof.v1","seal":{"first_collector_run_id":"","first_receipt_hash":"","jsonl_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl","key_id":"430895f101d38164","last_collector_run_id":"","last_receipt_hash":"","leaf_count":143302,"merkle_root":"999156d40a7c61d9ddd52b7338f3cbda3e68f53bace070c7b616ea194e23b123","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","run_id":"hourly_json_retrofit_20260519T053701Z","schema":"crovia.seal.v1","seal_family_version":"crovia-seal-family/1","seal_kind":"substrate_batch","sealed_at":"2026-05-19T05:37:30Z","sig_algorithm":"ed25519","signature":"b1a252cc66ff32bed1d10dd88a6b2a200e3856d3dbcfcc4ee55e02e00f3d548e854ed9c544704b222bd5d315492c4a935ba2d90d727c585a67899b0ad602fc05","signer_version":"1.1.0"},"trust_root":{"key_id":"430895f101d38164","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","signature_algorithm":"ed25519","url":"/registry/canon/TRUST_ROOT.md"},"verifier":{"spec":"/registry/canon/AXIOM_RECEIPT_v1.md","url":"/v/axm_de377d1b7744bf2c3b7d5d7532755fdcbc2b98e6e7b82355510fb53e718d97e2"}}