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Video carries the spatial layouts, object histories, and gestures that language leaves underspecified, yet today's manipulation benchmarks pair an instruction with a single current image, offering no way to evaluate reasoning over observed human behavior. We introduce WatchAct, a benchmark for robot manipulation grounded in observed human behavior. Each instance pairs a real-world human-action video and a language instruction with an aligned simulator scene and an executable LIBERO task, enabling scalable and reproducible evaluation. WatchAct comprises 3,000 long-horizon instances across 14 tasks in four capability domains drawn from the cognitive demands of watching another agent: parsing events (Event Grounding), recovering procedural structure (Procedural Reasoning), inferring unstated intent (Implicit Intent Inference), and ","title":"WatchAct: A Benchmark for Behavior-Grounded Robot Manipulation","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.26443","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"summary":"arXiv:2606.26443v1 Announce Type: cross \nAbstract: A robot working alongside people must reason about what they have done, in what order, and with what intent. Video carries the spatial layouts, object histories, and gestures that language leaves underspecified, yet today's manipulation benchmarks pair an instruction with a single current image, offering no way to evaluate reasoning over observed human behavior. We introduce WatchAct, a benchmark for robot manipulation grounded in observed human behavior. Each instance pairs a real-world human-action video and a language instruction with an aligned simulator scene and an executable LIBERO task, enabling scalable and reproducible evaluation. WatchAct comprises 3,000 long-horizon instances across 14 tasks in four capability domains drawn from the cognitive demands of watching another agent: parsing events (Event Grounding), recovering procedural structure (Procedural Reasoning), inferring unstated intent (Implicit Intent Inference), and ","title":"WatchAct: A Benchmark for Behavior-Grounded Robot Manipulation","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"confidence":{"method":"deterministic"},"decision":"POSITIVE","issued_at":"2026-06-26T04:43:58Z","notes":"Spider vendor_press (news) news.vendor_press.v1","object":{"captured_by":"crovia.spider.vendor_press","primary_source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.26443"},"predecessors":[],"schema":"crovia.axiom.v1","signature":"ed25519:ac99d40a6f1b430042a76511ba02845a29c71707b5e625abe01ae4c43982eccca96344a8998f4a992a930b05df16d7f4f81ea8f649701e48b2e75aa8ce22b501","signer":"crovia.substrate","subject":{"observed_at":"2026-06-26T04:43:58Z","source_collector":"spider:vendor_press","target_id":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.26443"},"tsa":{"authority":"crovia.substrate.bootstrap","rfc3161_token":"{\"kind\":\"crovia.bootstrap.tsa\",\"source_jsonl\":\"/opt/crovia/spider/data/news/vendor_press_v1.jsonl\",\"source_seal_merkle_root\":\"spider_vendor_press_v1\",\"upgrade_path\":\"Sessione H \\u2014 OpenTimestamps weekly anchor\"}"},"zk_mode":"clear","zk_proof":null},"ledger":{"leaf_hash":"5c00f083201cddc007be74387923ad5c5e0f99c8c3d6ce6d460b511f2d885f33","leaf_index":251109,"ledger_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl"},"merkle_proof":{"hash_alg":"sha256","leaf_prefix":"0x00","node_prefix":"0x01","odd_leaf_rule":"duplicate_last","path":[{"sibling":"b269ef7590e01d07eea8bc5d1894c5f2676b73393c012a83f18ea2ac55cac796","side":"left"},{"sibling":"74d6c762b7da2c65619cf64ccc2f553b40e94befa9c35959e3e0c4aa69f3e98c","side":"right"},{"sibling":"61b7667bce07d7003deb5df6098861c36f8fb1be5db21b6fe65cbf93ffa4f417","side":"left"},{"sibling":"53ca51ff755a66f6a087c8996506ba66aaa09149f64469cd0dd3d200a3bbecb2","side":"right"},{"sibling":"0e43315bac1aef9284b22e1e1ec564a60c92a04b16c84bfa8ec3c3c8aa82d975","side":"right"},{"sibling":"92cd327d65300d9092d295875064bd3bc7c40618e92d136fc9e99599d4ed2feb","side":"left"},{"sibling":"f9190af89759db1d872794d338826ddd18310851f89900539ca641d4cae8ad95","side":"left"},{"sibling":"762a50202e5bb846bfb5afec2f3cc80d9313546598c6c53f53acc51c6325b763","side":"left"},{"sibling":"e276c2896e885a069398e8350a2d9aae49ed0ab34771e352045341312283b40a","side":"right"},{"sibling":"b6709caadc8510310ee2ec0b66d1058fcad31c91c65cc2bad6f46a693d553580","side":"right"},{"sibling":"a72c3b8804a37d1a9d18e02e6fdb048bc8ea6b0746909cd2de10bdbabc793737","side":"left"},{"sibling":"803703dc2c50a646fa77b57c0056e9a5126611ba4bcde0d6013ccd6b2d44bdbf","side":"right"},{"sibling":"e78f244b1b8df6d5e3fdc6dd76b5c27d4e6fe3b93b8cd61355497b63d7e4cfe8","side":"left"},{"sibling":"6167cb552ed6871fbf0afcf3db01d1017af7d472b136fcbe5404d1df09f41cc1","side":"right"},{"sibling":"f29798d8bb6aa9900eab878992d9ff0c53266debd87472f31ab26a6a3fb55880","side":"left"},{"sibling":"a04392fb9f2a3a620840e3b3fecd93d12e6d224e481c162389d8ae64e7194599","side":"left"},{"sibling":"c300cf0154c136afc09b1702a0be98f4ba5b6dc5cf57e8cc714ec1eaf4196eff","side":"left"},{"sibling":"d841ad93efda0869e5eb97678f348f03f5caab4353e05ff4bf18f47fb945b822","side":"left"}]},"schema":"crovia.axiom_proof.v1","seal":{"first_collector_run_id":"","first_receipt_hash":"","jsonl_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl","key_id":"430895f101d38164","last_collector_run_id":"","last_receipt_hash":"","leaf_count":251380,"merkle_root":"e042805d07cd8dc777d49695ad78b8d4ec9721df271ff0245d7706773c30b4a5","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","run_id":"hourly_json_retrofit_20260626T053701Z","schema":"crovia.seal.v1","seal_family_version":"crovia-seal-family/1","seal_kind":"substrate_batch","sealed_at":"2026-06-26T05:37:59Z","sig_algorithm":"ed25519","signature":"c68a6e827804771acd244208495c5e35c6f417307db3c76192f038dedaa5b5f86e019074a3bea353357ff7457924c4f7907832638bb9a4d3d18e7a7f50c6a10b","signer_version":"1.1.0"},"trust_root":{"key_id":"430895f101d38164","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","signature_algorithm":"ed25519","url":"/registry/canon/TRUST_ROOT.md"},"verifier":{"spec":"/registry/canon/AXIOM_RECEIPT_v1.md","url":"/v/axm_e4439160c709ee544e874d0b508cd643bd185dfff2d9b0c707491137232b6874"}}