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In this work, we show how this logic is clarified by the function+ framework of artifact identity, which individuates AI systems by their intended function together with context-sensitive criteria of appropriate functioning, captured as \"AI trustworthiness.\" We further argue that the AIA does not provide an internal, auditable criterion for synchronic identity--when two AI systems at a given time should count as the same for regulatory purposes--and instead largely defers such sameness determinations to sectoral or harmonization instruments. function+ supplies a synchr","title":"High-Risk AI Systems and the Problem of Identity in the European AI Act","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.23922","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"summary":"arXiv:2605.23922v1 Announce Type: cross \nAbstract: The EU Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA) establishes a lifecycle governance regime for high-risk AI systems built around ex-ante conformity assessment, post-market monitoring, and re-assessment upon \"substantial modification.\" These obligations presuppose AI identity judgments: regulators and providers must decide when an updated system remains the same system over time. In this work, we show how this logic is clarified by the function+ framework of artifact identity, which individuates AI systems by their intended function together with context-sensitive criteria of appropriate functioning, captured as \"AI trustworthiness.\" We further argue that the AIA does not provide an internal, auditable criterion for synchronic identity--when two AI systems at a given time should count as the same for regulatory purposes--and instead largely defers such sameness determinations to sectoral or harmonization instruments. function+ supplies a synchr","title":"High-Risk AI Systems and the Problem of Identity in the European AI Act","vendor":"arxiv_cs_ai"},"confidence":{"method":"deterministic"},"decision":"POSITIVE","issued_at":"2026-05-26T04:43:39Z","notes":"Spider vendor_press (news) news.vendor_press.v1","object":{"captured_by":"crovia.spider.vendor_press","primary_source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.23922"},"predecessors":[],"schema":"crovia.axiom.v1","signature":"ed25519:4a5f033ebb042c178364767c4fff72b67f2f90ebc930c16c982c6bacf25b5b29c7c1b91dcffd3b6a8613dec87ebce453ebe625c1599a5d6ab25cb31324fb060f","signer":"crovia.substrate","subject":{"observed_at":"2026-05-26T04:43:39Z","source_collector":"spider:vendor_press","target_id":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.23922"},"tsa":{"authority":"crovia.substrate.bootstrap","rfc3161_token":"{\"kind\":\"crovia.bootstrap.tsa\",\"source_jsonl\":\"/opt/crovia/spider/data/news/vendor_press_v1.jsonl\",\"source_seal_merkle_root\":\"spider_vendor_press_v1\",\"upgrade_path\":\"Sessione H \\u2014 OpenTimestamps weekly anchor\"}"},"zk_mode":"clear","zk_proof":null},"ledger":{"leaf_hash":"9fd275de9095f56fc6cda36d76462a4b0e5bde58339d3913845e6bce632d203c","leaf_index":151465,"ledger_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl"},"merkle_proof":{"hash_alg":"sha256","leaf_prefix":"0x00","node_prefix":"0x01","odd_leaf_rule":"duplicate_last","path":[{"sibling":"3ba81b1c7e87b8dde4755ce580190da9068697b538c155593f5f37f328ae8a65","side":"left"},{"sibling":"3fc3c4bdfc847dfaa70dc355fda36ceb0f9b32967ae802c32d730943f0efd463","side":"right"},{"sibling":"8dedf89a12bf5eaae829ef0f3a88bd26633639dad1ec104dbbfe438b57246c4d","side":"right"},{"sibling":"edb66a7faf5f26a6dd3a0ccd6fa5f1c50ce2895a67c6586fe0b4af827dd30464","side":"left"},{"sibling":"148f72d4021055ecc4cdb77cee199714c8918505191bca720ae35cf3fef7cd38","side":"right"},{"sibling":"78290b7423fc25cb78cad9db3afb82856cdef13b8c0352f9b7c946d0df95a4c4","side":"left"},{"sibling":"e5e0e8d837a1eb5f20af10583ad77cd53168b9effa387448a6f44515c3f60f17","side":"right"},{"sibling":"12607c0dd56c2db51bf46dd95ab0fe795f3f832d068cd7268fed3aeeb8a7cc29","side":"left"},{"sibling":"a808644c9a09dd75253c6c0ba9275dc94a6b6451ad5184ebdafda4a2722b36a5","side":"left"},{"sibling":"fdd22ebd87e5ba37d1153e47753a63818abb25df8fe45dbf735ba5c512c3355b","side":"left"},{"sibling":"cf593c482d17d202b94914915d0c65fb8713053548db64771d0ec5dbb404a07f","side":"left"},{"sibling":"134949308b15cffd6792ee2cf678119af34d69a64764d7c89cd47573c94e1cda","side":"left"},{"sibling":"e20a7391fed5b5f3b675af68344a3f5b050d6701e127b7db010af3941e59dfdb","side":"right"},{"sibling":"e5893793e3591ed7f5e58ca94ffcfba46bb30f69fb1c25d5ba8ef49eb99f9126","side":"right"},{"sibling":"35ca36cee447f0ef7064a25d55f59357c66901e31427729c4c1d8b14aa8adb6c","side":"left"},{"sibling":"e3eecaf996dbe7229a7bb1d234c97aea97a252c5f7c89f8547b6d091db0f0e40","side":"right"},{"sibling":"55bcbd4da3e20d93931f7e58673f10232e81a5b1514d7396cb4b71e8f95788d0","side":"right"},{"sibling":"d841ad93efda0869e5eb97678f348f03f5caab4353e05ff4bf18f47fb945b822","side":"left"}]},"schema":"crovia.axiom_proof.v1","seal":{"first_collector_run_id":"","first_receipt_hash":"","jsonl_path":"/opt/crovia/substrate/axiom_ledger.jsonl","key_id":"430895f101d38164","last_collector_run_id":"","last_receipt_hash":"","leaf_count":152106,"merkle_root":"ac5182c6f3dd09931f2a689df5f4be36df7b55e55bcf106e195671f5ed55fd8f","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","run_id":"hourly_json_retrofit_20260526T053701Z","schema":"crovia.seal.v1","seal_family_version":"crovia-seal-family/1","seal_kind":"substrate_batch","sealed_at":"2026-05-26T05:37:34Z","sig_algorithm":"ed25519","signature":"a401243fbd2c077d29a623c6ef616c78fbd5c8ce1930afa7af7165b2386e5a8cf15d5094983a1c962e71b27b911a3f3ce09c8cfab9393be2ce5ce8ee6513da06","signer_version":"1.1.0"},"trust_root":{"key_id":"430895f101d38164","public_key_hex":"cf742e26f75669dc673cb5c0786a1ae23ae8ca19c347317192ce40c28a7ff25c","signature_algorithm":"ed25519","url":"/registry/canon/TRUST_ROOT.md"},"verifier":{"spec":"/registry/canon/AXIOM_RECEIPT_v1.md","url":"/v/axm_ef66f2ed816a11c26f1e7ddcec3f6b62954f25f8334cd38aa1dd503f9b8141f4"}}