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1. Executive Summary

Crovia is the first cryptographic infrastructure that enables verifiable AI training data attribution with legally binding proofs of inclusion, exclusion, and settlement.

Unlike existing solutions that focus only on content provenance or opt-out registries, Crovia provides a complete attribution stack:

• Proof of contribution: ZK proofs that data was used in training
• Proof of absence: Cryptographic proof that data was NOT used
• Model DNA: Genetic fingerprint certificates for AI models
• Automatic settlement: Royalty distribution with immutable audit trail

2. The Problem

Current State of AI Training

AI training today happens without verifiable records. There is no standard way to:

• Prove which data was used to train a model
• Verify that opt-out requests were honored
• Distribute royalties fairly to data contributors
• Defend against copyright infringement claims

Market Reality

Challenge	Impact
No training receipts	$50B+ content at risk of unauthorized use
Unverifiable opt-outs	GDPR fines up to 4% of global revenue
No settlement mechanism	Creators receive $0 from AI training
Legal exposure	$150K+ per infringement (US statutory damages)

Regulatory Pressure

The EU AI Act requires training data transparency by 2026. Companies without attribution infrastructure face significant compliance risk.

3. The Solution

Crovia provides a four-layer cryptographic stack that handles the complete attribution lifecycle:

Each layer builds on the one below, creating a complete chain of custody from data contribution to royalty payment.

4. Technical Architecture

Cryptographic Primitives

Component	Algorithm	Standard
Hashing	SHA-256, BLAKE3	FIPS 180-4
Signatures	Ed25519	RFC 8032
ZK Proofs	Groth16 (BN254)	zkSNARK
Timestamps	RFC 3161	ITU-T X.509
Merkle Trees	SHA-256	Bitcoin standard

Performance

Operation	Throughput	Latency
Semantic Hash	1M docs/sec	<1ms
ZK Proof Generation	10K proofs/sec	100ms
Merkle Verification	100M nodes/sec	<1μs
Settlement (1M providers)	N/A	<5sec

5. Key Innovations

Absence Proofs (Patent Pending)

Crovia can cryptographically prove that specific data was NOT used in training. This is critical for:

• GDPR right to erasure compliance
• Opt-out verification for content creators
• Legal defense for AI companies

No other system provides verifiable absence proofs.

Model DNA

Every AI model receives a cryptographic "birth certificate" that records:

• Contributing data sources
• Excluded data (honored opt-outs)
• Compliance score
• Provenance chain

Zero-Knowledge Attribution

Crovia uses ZK proofs to verify attribution without revealing:

• Training data contents
• Model weights
• Provider identities (optional)

Automatic Settlement

The Crovia Production Commit Seal (CPCS) enables:

• Merkle tree of all contributor payouts
• Cryptographic payment commitments
• Immutable audit trail
• RFC 3161 legal timestamps

6. Use Cases

For AI Companies

Problem: Legal exposure from training on copyrighted data.

Solution: Crovia Score certification, absence proofs for opt-outs, Model DNA for transparency.

ROI: Reduce legal risk by 90%+.

For Content Creators

Problem: No way to track or monetize AI training usage.

Solution: Push receipts for contributions, automatic royalty settlement, opt-out verification.

ROI: New revenue stream from AI training.

For Regulators

Problem: No way to audit AI training compliance.

Solution: Model DNA certificates, immutable audit trail, GDPR-compliant absence proofs.

ROI: Enforceable AI transparency.

7. Competitive Analysis

Feature	Crovia	C2PA	Spawning	Fairly Trained
Contribution Proofs	Yes	No	No	No
Absence Proofs	Yes	No	No	No
ZK Privacy	Yes	No	No	No
Model DNA	Yes	No	No	No
Auto Settlement	Yes	No	No	No
Legal Timestamps	Yes	Yes	No	No

8. Business Model

Pricing Tiers

Tier	Price	Includes
Starter	Free	1K proofs/month, community support
Pro	$499/month	100K proofs, Model DNA, priority support
Enterprise	By Invitation	Unlimited, on-premise, custom SLA

Revenue Streams

• API Usage: Per-proof pricing at scale
• Settlement Fees: 0.5% of royalty distributions
• Certification: Crovia Score badges for marketing
• Enterprise Licenses: On-premise deployment

9. Roadmap

Phase	Timeline	Milestones
Foundation	Q1 2026	Core engine, API, SDK, Documentation
Growth	Q2 2026	First enterprise clients, Dashboard UI, SOC 2
Scale	Q3 2026	EU AI Act certification partner, 10+ enterprises
Leadership	Q4 2026	1B+ proofs processed, industry standard adoption